Mingming Zhang

Ming Zhang, Mingming Zhang, Yiming Chen et al.

In this work, we propose a novel method for performing inertial aided navigation, by using deep neural networks (DNNs). To date, most DNN inertial navigation methods focus on the task of inertial odometry, by taking gyroscope and accelerometer readings as input and regressing for integrated IMU poses (i.e., position and orientation). While this design has been successfully applied on a number of applications, it is not of theoretical performance guarantee unless patterned motion is involved. This inevitably leads to significantly reduced accuracy and robustness in certain use cases. To solve this problem, we design a framework to compute observable IMU integration terms using DNNs, followed by the numerical pose integration and sensor fusion to achieve the performance gain. Specifically, we perform detailed analysis on the motion terms in IMU kinematic equations, propose a dedicated network design, loss functions, and training strategies for the IMU data processing, and conduct extensive experiments. The results show that our method is generally applicable and outperforms both traditional and DNN methods by wide margins.

Xingxing Zuo, Mingming Zhang, Yiming Chen et al.

While visual localization or SLAM has witnessed great progress in past decades, when deploying it on a mobile robot in practice, few works have explicitly considered the kinematic (or dynamic) constraints of the real robotic system when designing state estimators. To promote the practical deployment of current state-of-the-art visual-inertial localization algorithms, in this work we propose a low-cost kinematics-constrained localization system particularly for a skid-steering mobile robot. In particular, we derive in a principle way the robot's kinematic constraints based on the instantaneous centers of rotation (ICR) model and integrate them in a tightly-coupled manner into the sliding-window bundle adjustment (BA)-based visual-inertial estimator. Because the ICR model parameters are time-varying due to, for example, track-to-terrain interaction and terrain roughness, we estimate these kinematic parameters online along with the navigation state. To this end, we perform in-depth the observability analysis and identify motion conditions under which the state/parameter estimation is viable. The proposed kinematics-constrained visual-inertial localization system has been validated extensively in different terrain scenarios.

Mingming Zhang, Xingxing Zuo, Yiming Chen et al.

In this paper, we focus on motion estimation dedicated for non-holonomic ground robots, by probabilistically fusing measurements from the wheel odometer and exteroceptive sensors. For ground robots, the wheel odometer is widely used in pose estimation tasks, especially in applications under planar-scene based environments. However, since the wheel odometer only provides 2D motion estimates, it is extremely challenging to use that for performing accurate full 6D pose (3D position and 3D orientation) estimation. Traditional methods on 6D pose estimation either approximate sensor or motion models, at the cost of accuracy reduction, or rely on other sensors, e.g., inertial measurement unit (IMU), to provide complementary measurements. By contrast, in this paper, we propose a novel method to utilize the wheel odometer for 6D pose estimation, by modeling and utilizing motion manifold for ground robots. Our approach is probabilistically formulated and only requires the wheel odometer and an exteroceptive sensor (e.g., a camera). Specifically, our method i) formulates the motion manifold of ground robots by parametric representation, ii) performs manifold based 6D integration with the wheel odometer measurements only, and iii) re-parameterizes manifold equations periodically for error reduction. To demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithmic modules, we integrate that into a sliding-window pose estimator by using measurements from the wheel odometer and a monocular camera. By conducting extensive simulated and real-world experiments, we show that the proposed algorithm outperforms competing state-of-the-art algorithms by a significant margin in pose estimation accuracy, especially when deployed in complex large-scale real-world environments.