Sweta Rai

Partha Shah, Durva Sankhe, Maariyah Rashid et al.

Artificial intelligence (AI) models to automatically classify skin lesions from dermatology images have shown promising performance but also susceptibility to bias by skin tone. The most common way of representing skin tone information is the Fitzpatrick Skin Tone (FST) scale. The FST scale has been criticised for having greater granularity in its skin tone categories for lighter-skinned subjects. This paper conducts an investigation of the impact (on performance and bias) on AI classification models of granularity in the FST scale. By training multiple AI models to classify benign vs. malignant lesions using FST-specific data of differing granularity, we show that: (i) when training models using FST-specific data based on three groups (FST 1/2, 3/4 and 5/6), performance is generally better for models trained on FST-specific data compared to a general model trained on FST-balanced data; (ii) reducing the granularity of FST scale information (from 1/2 and 3/4 to 1/2/3/4) can have a detrimental effect on performance. Our results highlight the importance of the granularity of FST groups when training lesion classification models. Given the question marks over possible human biases in the choice of categories in the FST scale, this paper provides evidence for a move away from the FST scale in fair AI research and a transition to an alternative scale that better represents the diversity of human skin tones.

Sweta Rai

Student dropout prediction is an indispensable for numerous intelligent systems to measure the education system and success rate of any university as well as throughout the university in the world. Therefore, it becomes essential to develop efficient methods for prediction of the students at risk of dropping out, enabling the adoption of proactive process to minimize the situation. Thus, this research work propose a prototype machine learning tool which can automatically recognize whether the student will continue their study or drop their study using classification technique based on decision tree and extract hidden information from large data about what factors are responsible for dropout student. Further the contribution of factors responsible for dropout risk was studied using discriminant analysis and to extract interesting correlations, frequent patterns, associations or casual structures among significant datasets, Association rule mining was applied. In this study, the descriptive statistics analysis was carried out to measure the quality of data using SPSS 20.0 statistical software and application of decision tree and association rule were carried out by using WEKA data mining tool.