Han Wu

Zhentao Liu, Yu Fang, Changjian Li et al.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) plays a vital role in clinical imaging. Traditional methods typically require hundreds of 2D X-ray projections to reconstruct a high-quality 3D CBCT image, leading to considerable radiation exposure. This has led to a growing interest in sparse-view CBCT reconstruction to reduce radiation doses. While recent advances, including deep learning and neural rendering algorithms, have made strides in this area, these methods either produce unsatisfactory results or suffer from time inefficiency of individual optimization. In this paper, we introduce a novel geometry-aware encoder-decoder framework to solve this problem. Our framework starts by encoding multi-view 2D features from various 2D X-ray projections with a 2D CNN encoder. Leveraging the geometry of CBCT scanning, it then back-projects the multi-view 2D features into the 3D space to formulate a comprehensive volumetric feature map, followed by a 3D CNN decoder to recover 3D CBCT image. Importantly, our approach respects the geometric relationship between 3D CBCT image and its 2D X-ray projections during feature back projection stage, and enjoys the prior knowledge learned from the data population. This ensures its adaptability in dealing with extremly sparse view inputs without individual training, such as scenarios with only 5 or 10 X-ray projections. Extensive evaluations on two simulated datasets and one real-world dataset demonstrate exceptional reconstruction quality and time efficiency of our method.

Han Wu, Stefan Wager

We consider the problem of deciding how best to target and prioritize existing vaccines that may offer protection against new variants of an infectious disease. Sequential experiments are a promising approach; however, challenges due to delayed feedback and the overall ebb and flow of disease prevalence make available methods inapplicable for this task. We present a method, partial likelihood Thompson sampling, that can handle these challenges. Our method involves running Thompson sampling with belief updates determined by partial likelihood each time we observe an event. To test our approach, we ran a semi-synthetic experiment based on 200 days of COVID-19 infection data in the US.

Zihao Zhao, Yuxiao Liu, Han Wu et al.

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP), a simple yet effective pre-training paradigm, successfully introduces text supervision to vision models. It has shown promising results across various tasks due to its generalizability and interpretability. The use of CLIP has recently gained increasing interest in the medical imaging domain, serving as a pre-training paradigm for image-text alignment, or a critical component in diverse clinical tasks. With the aim of facilitating a deeper understanding of this promising direction, this survey offers an in-depth exploration of the CLIP within the domain of medical imaging, regarding both refined CLIP pre-training and CLIP-driven applications. In this paper, we (1) first start with a brief introduction to the fundamentals of CLIP methodology; (2) then investigate the adaptation of CLIP pre-training in the medical imaging domain, focusing on how to optimize CLIP given characteristics of medical images and reports; (3) further explore practical utilization of CLIP pre-trained models in various tasks, including classification, dense prediction, and cross-modal tasks; and (4) finally discuss existing limitations of CLIP in the context of medical imaging, and propose forward-looking directions to address the demands of medical imaging domain. Studies featuring technical and practical value are both investigated. We expect this survey will provide researchers with a holistic understanding of the CLIP paradigm and its potential implications. The project page of this survey can also be found on https://github.com/zhaozh10/Awesome-CLIP-in-Medical-Imaging.

Han Wu, Stefan Wager

We investigate properties of Thompson Sampling in the stochastic multi-armed bandit problem with delayed feedback. In a setting with i.i.d delays, we establish to our knowledge the first regret bounds for Thompson Sampling with arbitrary delay distributions, including ones with unbounded expectation. Our bounds are qualitatively comparable to the best available bounds derived via ad-hoc algorithms, and only depend on delays via selected quantiles of the delay distributions. Furthermore, in extensive simulation experiments, we find that Thompson Sampling outperforms a number of alternative proposals, including methods specifically designed for settings with delayed feedback.

Han Wu, Sarah Tan, Weiwei Li et al.

Black-box heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) models are increasingly being used to create personalized policies that assign individuals to their optimal treatments. However, they are difficult to understand, and can be burdensome to maintain in a production environment. In this paper, we present a scalable, interpretable personalized experimentation system, implemented and deployed in production at Meta. The system works in a multiple treatment, multiple outcome setting typical at Meta to: (1) learn explanations for black-box HTE models; (2) generate interpretable personalized policies. We evaluate the methods used in the system on publicly available data and Meta use cases, and discuss lessons learnt during the development of the system.