Rui Yang

Shanshan Wang, Cheng Li, Rongpin Wang et al.

Automatic medical image segmentation plays a critical role in scientific research and medical care. Existing high-performance deep learning methods typically rely on large training datasets with high-quality manual annotations, which are difficult to obtain in many clinical applications. Here, we introduce Annotation-effIcient Deep lEarning (AIDE), an open-source framework to handle imperfect training datasets. Methodological analyses and empirical evaluations are conducted, and we demonstrate that AIDE surpasses conventional fully-supervised models by presenting better performance on open datasets possessing scarce or noisy annotations. We further test AIDE in a real-life case study for breast tumor segmentation. Three datasets containing 11,852 breast images from three medical centers are employed, and AIDE, utilizing 10% training annotations, consistently produces segmentation maps comparable to those generated by fully-supervised counterparts or provided by independent radiologists. The 10-fold enhanced efficiency in utilizing expert labels has the potential to promote a wide range of biomedical applications.

Jiwei Liu, Junyu Liu, Yang Liu et al.

Objective: We propose an end-to-end CNN-based locating model for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in radiographs. This model makes full use of chest radiograph (X-ray) for its improved accessibility, reduced cost and high accuracy for TB disease. Methods: Several specialized improvements are proposed for detection task in medical field. A false positive (FP) restrictor head is introduced for FP reduction. Anchor-oriented network heads is proposed in the position regression section. An optimization of loss function is designed for hard example mining. Results: The experimental results show that when the threshold of intersection over union (IoU) is set to 0.3, the average precision (AP) of two test data sets provided by different hospitals reaches 0.9023 and 0.9332. Ablation experiments shows that hard example mining and change of regressor heads contribute most in this work, but FP restriction is necessary in a CAD diagnose system. Conclusion: The results prove the high precision and good generalization ability of our proposed model comparing to previous works. Significance: We first make full use of the feature extraction ability of CNNs in TB diagnostic field and make exploration in localization of TB, when the previous works focus on the weaker task of healthy-sick subject classification.