Katarzyna Kosek-Szott

Kamil Szczech, Maksymilian Wojnar, Krzysztof Rusek et al.

A long-standing challenge in distributed wireless systems is ensuring efficient and fair random channel access. Existing solutions often address specific constraints related to timing, periodicity, or centralization, but they typically rely on fixed heuristics. Motivated by recent advances in machine learning (ML), we investigate whether ML agents can autonomously learn efficient and fair access strategies, and whether such learning can offer new insights into medium access control (MAC) design. Rather than proposing a deployable protocol, our aim is to examine whether decentralized learning can rediscover or approximate theoretically efficient random-access mechanisms under minimal assumptions. To this end, we deploy an off-policy Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) with Bayesian inference to train agents operating over a slotted channel. The resulting method is fully online (no pre-training), fully distributed (independent multi-agent learners), stochastic (non-periodic), and requires no coordination or explicit communication. Extensive simulations show that the learned strategy adapts to varying network conditions and achieves near-theoretical efficiency while maintaining fairness. Ablation studies further reveal that the learned behavior resembles slotted ALOHA with a dynamically adjusted transmission probability, leading us to refer to the method as KISS: Keeping It Simple and Slotted.

Mohammad Rowhani Sistani, Katarzyna Kosek-Szott, Pierluigi Gallo

Wireless links deployed in orchards often exhibit significant variability in the strength of the received signal that is not adequately captured by classical distance-based propagation models. In row-structured olive groves, signal attenuation differs markedly between along-row and cross-row propagation directions, leading to discrepancies when using omnidirectional propagation assumptions such as those adopted in the Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) model or ITU-R vegetation loss formulations. This paper proposes a topology-based propagation model that explicitly accounts for orchard layout and the relative positions of radio devices within the plantation structure. Experimental validation was conducted using LoRa technology operating at 868 MHz, and the results were compared with established models from the literature and with the proposed two-dimensional model. The proposed approach achieves a closer fit to measured RSSI data than conventional models, providing a more reliable basis for link budgeting and network planning in structured agricultural environments.

Francesc Wilhelmi, Boris Bellalta, Szymon Szott et al.

Multi-Access Point Coordination (MAPC) and Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) are expected to be key features in future Wi-Fi, such as the forthcoming IEEE 802.11bn (Wi-Fi~8) and beyond. In this paper, we explore a coordinated solution based on online learning to drive the optimization of Spatial Reuse (SR), a method that allows multiple devices to perform simultaneous transmissions by controlling interference through Packet Detect (PD) adjustment and transmit power control. In particular, we focus on a Multi-Agent Multi-Armed Bandit (MA-MAB) setting, where multiple decision-making agents concurrently configure SR parameters from coexisting networks by leveraging the MAPC framework, and study various algorithms and reward-sharing mechanisms. We evaluate different MA-MAB implementations using Komondor, a well-adopted Wi-Fi simulator, and demonstrate that AI-native SR enabled by coordinated MABs can improve the network performance over current Wi-Fi operation: mean throughput increases by 15%, fairness is improved by increasing the minimum throughput across the network by 210%, while the maximum access delay is kept below 3 ms.

Francesc Wilhelmi, Szymon Szott, Katarzyna Kosek-Szott et al.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are nowadays mature technologies considered essential for driving the evolution of future communications systems. Simultaneously, Wi-Fi technology has constantly evolved over the past three decades and incorporated new features generation after generation, thus gaining in complexity. As such, researchers have observed that AI/ML functionalities may be required to address the upcoming Wi-Fi challenges that will be otherwise difficult to solve with traditional approaches. This paper discusses the role of AI/ML in current and future Wi-Fi networks and depicts the ways forward. A roadmap towards AI/ML-native Wi-Fi, key challenges, standardization efforts, and major enablers are also discussed. An exemplary use case is provided to showcase the potential of AI/ML in Wi-Fi at different adoption stages.