Zhou Liu

Zhanghao Chen, Yifei Sun, Wenjian Qin et al.

Chest X-rays (CXRs) are commonly utilized as a low-dose modality for lung screening. Nonetheless, the efficacy of CXRs is somewhat impeded, given that approximately 75% of the lung area overlaps with bone, which in turn hampers the detection and diagnosis of diseases. As a remedial measure, bone suppression techniques have been introduced. The current dual-energy subtraction imaging technique in the clinic requires costly equipment and subjects being exposed to high radiation. To circumvent these issues, deep learning-based image generation algorithms have been proposed. However, existing methods fall short in terms of producing high-quality images and capturing texture details, particularly with pulmonary vessels. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new bone suppression framework, termed BS-Diff, that comprises a conditional diffusion model equipped with a U-Net architecture and a simple enhancement module to incorporate an autoencoder. Our proposed network cannot only generate soft tissue images with a high bone suppression rate but also possesses the capability to capture fine image details. Additionally, we compiled the largest dataset since 2010, including data from 120 patients with high-definition, high-resolution paired CXRs and soft tissue images collected by our affiliated hospital. Extensive experiments, comparative analyses, ablation studies, and clinical evaluations indicate that the proposed BS-Diff outperforms several bone-suppression models across multiple metrics. Our code can be accessed at https://github.com/Benny0323/BS-Diff.

Haofeng Li, Junjia Huang, Guanbin Li et al.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely adopted in brain lesion detection and segmentation. However, locating small lesions in 2D MRI slices is challenging, and requires to balance between the granularity of 3D context aggregation and the computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a novel view-disentangled transformer to enhance the extraction of MRI features for more accurate tumour detection. First, the proposed transformer harvests long-range correlation among different positions in a 3D brain scan. Second, the transformer models a stack of slice features as multiple 2D views and enhance these features view-by-view, which approximately achieves the 3D correlation computing in an efficient way. Third, we deploy the proposed transformer module in a transformer backbone, which can effectively detect the 2D regions surrounding brain lesions. The experimental results show that our proposed view-disentangled transformer performs well for brain lesion detection on a challenging brain MRI dataset.

Zhou Liu, Yujun Li, Zhengying Liu et al.

Automatic theorem proving with deep learning methods has attracted attentions recently. In this paper, we construct an automatic proof system for trigonometric identities. We define the normalized form of trigonometric identities, design a set of rules for the proof and put forward a method which can generate theoretically infinite trigonometric identities. Our goal is not only to complete the proof, but to complete the proof in as few steps as possible. For this reason, we design a model to learn proof data generated by random BFS (rBFS), and it is proved theoretically and experimentally that the model can outperform rBFS after a simple imitation learning. After further improvement through reinforcement learning, we get AutoTrig, which can give proof steps for identities in almost as short steps as BFS (theoretically shortest method), with a time cost of only one-thousandth. In addition, AutoTrig also beats Sympy, Matlab and human in the synthetic dataset, and performs well in many generalization tasks.

ZhaoYang Han, Qihan Lin, Hao Liang et al.

We introduce \textbf{LongInsightBench}, the first benchmark designed to assess models' ability to understand long videos, with a focus on human language, viewpoints, actions, and other contextual elements, while integrating \textbf{visual, audio, and text} modalities. Our benchmark excels in three key areas: \textbf{a) Long-Duration, Information-Dense Videos:} We carefully select approximately 1,000 videos from open-source datasets FineVideo based on duration limit and the information density of both visual and audio modalities, focusing on content like lectures, interviews, and vlogs, which contain rich language elements. \textbf{b) Diverse and Challenging Task Scenarios:} We have designed six challenging task scenarios, including both Intra-Event and Inter-Event Tasks. \textbf{c) Rigorous and Comprehensive Quality Assurance Pipelines:} We have developed a three-step, semi-automated data quality assurance pipeline to ensure the difficulty and validity of the synthesized questions and answer options. Based on LongInsightBench, we designed a series of experiments. Experimental results shows that Omni-modal models(OLMs) still face challenge in tasks requiring precise temporal localization (T-Loc) and long-range causal inference (CE-Caus). Extended experiments reveal the information loss and processing bias in multi-modal fusion of OLMs. Our dataset and code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/LongInsightBench-910F/.

Menglei Zhang, Zhou Liu, Lei Yu

We propose a simple yet effective model for Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR), by combining the merits of Residual Learning and Convolutional Sparse Coding (RL-CSC). Our model is inspired by the Learned Iterative Shrinkage-Threshold Algorithm (LISTA). We extend LISTA to its convolutional version and build the main part of our model by strictly following the convolutional form, which improves the network's interpretability. Specifically, the convolutional sparse codings of input feature maps are learned in a recursive manner, and high-frequency information can be recovered from these CSCs. More importantly, residual learning is applied to alleviate the training difficulty when the network goes deeper. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. RL-CSC (30 layers) outperforms several recent state-of-the-arts, e.g., DRRN (52 layers) and MemNet (80 layers) in both accuracy and visual qualities. Codes and more results are available at https://github.com/axzml/RL-CSC.

Yulun Jiang, Lei Yu, Haijian Zhang et al.

Recently, the paradigm of unfolding iterative algorithms into finite-length feed-forward neural networks has achieved a great success in the area of sparse recovery. Benefit from available training data, the learned networks have achieved state-of-the-art performance in respect of both speed and accuracy. However, the structure behind sparsity, imposing constraint on the support of sparse signals, is often an essential prior knowledge but seldom considered in the existing networks. In this paper, we aim at bridging this gap. Specifically, exploiting the iterative reweighted $\ell_1$ minimization (IRL1) algorithm, we propose to learn the cluster structured sparsity (CSS) by rewegihting adaptively. In particular, we first unfold the Reweighted Iterative Shrinkage Algorithm (RwISTA) into an end-to-end trainable deep architecture termed as RW-LISTA. Then instead of the element-wise reweighting, the global and local reweighting manner are proposed for the cluster structured sparse learning. Numerical experiments further show the superiority of our algorithm against both classical algorithms and learning-based networks on different tasks.

Menglei Zhang, Zhou Liu, Lei Yu

Convolutional Sparse Coding (CSC) has been attracting more and more attention in recent years, for making full use of image global correlation to improve performance on various computer vision applications. However, very few studies focus on solving CSC based image Super-Resolution (SR) problem. As a consequence, there is no significant progress in this area over a period of time. In this paper, we exploit the natural connection between CSC and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to address CSC based image SR. Specifically, Convolutional Iterative Soft Thresholding Algorithm (CISTA) is introduced to solve CSC problem and it can be implemented using CNN architectures. Then we develop a novel CSC based SR framework analogy to the traditional SC based SR methods. Two models inspired by this framework are proposed for pre-/post-upsampling SR, respectively. Compared with recent state-of-the-art SR methods, both of our proposed models show superior performance in terms of both quantitative and qualitative measurements.