Peiyuan Li

Zhenyu Wang, Peiyuan Li, Yongxiang Shi et al.

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is pivotal for reconstructing high-resolution subsurface velocity models but remains computationally intensive and ill-posed. While deep learning approaches promise efficiency, existing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and single-paradigm Neural Operators (NOs) struggle with one fundamental issue: frequency entanglement of multi-scale geological features. To address this challenge, we propose Spectral-Preserving Adaptive MoE (SPAMoE), a novel spectrum-aware framework for solving inverse problems with complex multi-scale structures. Our approach introduces a Spectral-Preserving DINO Encoder that enforces a lower bound on the high-to-low frequency energy ratio of the encoded representation, mitigating high-frequency collapse and stabilizing subsequent frequency-domain modeling. Furthermore, we design a novel Spectral Decomposition and Routing mechanism that dynamically assigns frequency bands to a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) ensemble comprising FNO, MNO, and LNO. On the ten OpenFWI sub-datasets, experiments show that SPAMoE reduces the average MAE by 54.1% relative to the best officially reported OpenFWI baseline, thereby establishing a new architectural framework for learning-based full-waveform inversion.

Wang Zhenyu, Li Peiyuan, Shi Yongxiang et al.

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) can produce high-resolution subsurface models, yet it remains inherently ill-posed, highly nonlinear, and computationally intensive. Although recent deep learning and numerical acceleration methods have improved speed and scalability, they often rely on single CNN architectures or single neural operators, which struggle to generalize in unknown or complex geological settings and are ineffective at distinguishing diverse geological types. To address these issues, we propose a Structure-Aligned Encoder-Mixture-of-Operators (SA-EMO) architecture for velocity-field inversion under unknown subsurface structures. First, a structure-aligned encoder maps high-dimensional seismic wavefields into a physically consistent latent space, thereby eliminating spatio-temporal mismatch between the waveform and velocity domains, recovering high-frequency components, and enhancing feature generalization. Then, an adaptive routing mechanism selects and fuses multiple neural-operator experts, including spectral, wavelet, multiscale, and local operators, to predict the velocity model. We systematically evaluate our approach on the OpenFWI benchmark and the Marmousi2 dataset. Results show that SA-EMO significantly outperforms traditional CNN or single-operator methods, achieving an average MAE reduction of approximately 58.443% and an improvement in boundary resolution of about 10.308%. Ablation studies further reveal that the structure-aligned encoder, the expert-fusion mechanism, and the routing module each contribute markedly to the performance gains. This work introduces a new paradigm for efficient, scalable, and physically interpretable full-waveform inversion.