Ke Yan

Lin Tian, Zi Li, Fengze Liu et al. · harvard

Image registration is a fundamental medical image analysis task. Ideally, registration should focus on aligning semantically corresponding voxels, i.e., the same anatomical locations. However, existing methods often optimize similarity measures computed directly on intensities or on hand-crafted features, which lack anatomical semantic information. These similarity measures may lead to sub-optimal solutions where large deformations, complex anatomical differences, or cross-modality imagery exist. In this work, we introduce a fast and accurate method for unsupervised 3D medical image registration building on top of a Self-supervised Anatomical eMbedding (SAM) algorithm, which is capable of computing dense anatomical correspondences between two images at the voxel level. We name our approach SAM-Enhanced registration (SAME++), which decomposes image registration into four steps: affine transformation, coarse deformation, deep non-parametric transformation, and instance optimization. Using SAM embeddings, we enhance these steps by finding more coherent correspondence and providing features with better semantic guidance. We extensively evaluated SAME++ using more than 50 labeled organs on three challenging inter-subject registration tasks of different body parts. As a complete registration framework, SAME++ markedly outperforms leading methods by $4.2\%$ - $8.2\%$ in terms of Dice score while being orders of magnitude faster than numerical optimization-based methods. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/alibaba-damo-academy/same}.

Fan Bai, Ke Yan, Xiaoyu Bai et al.

Medical image analysis using deep learning is often challenged by limited labeled data and high annotation costs. Fine-tuning the entire network in label-limited scenarios can lead to overfitting and suboptimal performance. Recently, prompt tuning has emerged as a more promising technique that introduces a few additional tunable parameters as prompts to a task-agnostic pre-trained model, and updates only these parameters using supervision from limited labeled data while keeping the pre-trained model unchanged. However, previous work has overlooked the importance of selective labeling in downstream tasks, which aims to select the most valuable downstream samples for annotation to achieve the best performance with minimum annotation cost. To address this, we propose a framework that combines selective labeling with prompt tuning (SLPT) to boost performance in limited labels. Specifically, we introduce a feature-aware prompt updater to guide prompt tuning and a TandEm Selective LAbeling (TESLA) strategy. TESLA includes unsupervised diversity selection and supervised selection using prompt-based uncertainty. In addition, we propose a diversified visual prompt tuning strategy to provide multi-prompt-based discrepant predictions for TESLA. We evaluate our method on liver tumor segmentation and achieve state-of-the-art performance, outperforming traditional fine-tuning with only 6% of tunable parameters, also achieving 94% of full-data performance by labeling only 5% of the data.

Shuman Fang, Zhiwen Lin, Ke Yan et al.

The task of Human-Object Interaction (HOI) detection is to detect humans and their interactions with surrounding objects, where transformer-based methods show dominant advances currently. However, these methods ignore the relationship among humans, objects, and interactions: 1) human features are more contributive than object ones to interaction prediction; 2) interactive information disturbs the detection of objects but helps human detection. In this paper, we propose a Human and Object Disentangling Network (HODN) to model the HOI relationships explicitly, where humans and objects are first detected by two disentangling decoders independently and then processed by an interaction decoder. Considering that human features are more contributive to interaction, we propose a Human-Guide Linking method to make sure the interaction decoder focuses on the human-centric regions with human features as the positional embeddings. To handle the opposite influences of interactions on humans and objects, we propose a Stop-Gradient Mechanism to stop interaction gradients from optimizing the object detection but to allow them to optimize the human detection. Our proposed method achieves competitive performance on both the V-COCO and the HICO-Det datasets. It can be combined with existing methods easily for state-of-the-art results.

Yi Xin, Junlong Du, Qiang Wang et al.

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) is designed to train multiple correlated tasks simultaneously, thereby enhancing the performance of individual tasks. Typically, a multi-task network structure consists of a shared backbone and task-specific decoders. However, the complexity of the decoders increases with the number of tasks. To tackle this challenge, we integrate the decoder-free vision-language model CLIP, which exhibits robust zero-shot generalization capability. Recently, parameter-efficient transfer learning methods have been extensively explored with CLIP for adapting to downstream tasks, where prompt tuning showcases strong potential. Nevertheless, these methods solely fine-tune a single modality (text or visual), disrupting the modality structure of CLIP. In this paper, we first propose Multi-modal Alignment Prompt (MmAP) for CLIP, which aligns text and visual modalities during fine-tuning process. Building upon MmAP, we develop an innovative multi-task prompt learning framework. On the one hand, to maximize the complementarity of tasks with high similarity, we utilize a gradient-driven task grouping method that partitions tasks into several disjoint groups and assign a group-shared MmAP to each group. On the other hand, to preserve the unique characteristics of each task, we assign an task-specific MmAP to each task. Comprehensive experiments on two large multi-task learning datasets demonstrate that our method achieves significant performance improvements compared to full fine-tuning while only utilizing approximately 0.09% of trainable parameters.

Yi Xin, Junlong Du, Qiang Wang et al.

Large-scale pre-trained models have achieved remarkable success in various computer vision tasks. A standard approach to leverage these models is to fine-tune all model parameters for downstream tasks, which poses challenges in terms of computational and storage costs. Recently, inspired by Natural Language Processing (NLP), parameter-efficient transfer learning has been successfully applied to vision tasks. However, most existing techniques primarily focus on single-task adaptation, and despite limited research on multi-task adaptation, these methods often exhibit suboptimal training and inference efficiency. In this paper, we first propose an once-for-all Vision Multi-Task Adapter (VMT-Adapter), which strikes approximately O(1) training and inference efficiency w.r.t task number. Concretely, VMT-Adapter shares the knowledge from multiple tasks to enhance cross-task interaction while preserves task-specific knowledge via independent knowledge extraction modules. Notably, since task-specific modules require few parameters, VMT-Adapter can handle an arbitrary number of tasks with a negligible increase of trainable parameters. We also propose VMT-Adapter-Lite, which further reduces the trainable parameters by learning shared parameters between down- and up-projections. Extensive experiments on four dense scene understanding tasks demonstrate the superiority of VMT-Adapter(-Lite), achieving a 3.96%(1.34%) relative improvement compared to single-task full fine-tuning, while utilizing merely ~1% (0.36%) trainable parameters of the pre-trained model.

Yangping Lin, Yan Ke, Ke Niu et al.

With the popularity of video applications, the security of video content has emerged as a pressing issue that demands urgent attention. Most video content protection methods mainly rely on encryption technology, which needs to be manually designed or implemented in an experience-based manner. To address this problem, we propose an automatic encryption technique for video content protection based on implicit neural representation. We design a key-controllable module, which serves as a key for encryption and decryption. NeR-VCP first pre-distributes the key-controllable module trained by the sender to the recipients, and then uses Implicit Neural Representation (INR) with a (pre-distributed) key-controllable module to encrypt plain video as an implicit neural network, and the legal recipients uses a pre-distributed key-controllable module to decrypt this cipher neural network (the corresponding implicit neural network). Under the guidance of the key-controllable design, our method can improve the security of video content and provide a novel video encryption scheme. Moreover, using model compression techniques, this method can achieve video content protection while effectively mitigating the amount of encrypted data transferred. We experimentally find that it has superior performance in terms of visual representation, imperceptibility to illegal users, and security from a cryptographic viewpoint.

Jingyang Lin, Yingda Xia, Jianpeng Zhang et al.

Medical Vision-Language Pretraining (Med-VLP) establishes a connection between visual content from medical images and the relevant textual descriptions. Existing Med-VLP methods primarily focus on 2D images depicting a single body part, notably chest X-rays. In this paper, we extend the scope of Med-VLP to encompass 3D images, specifically targeting full-body scenarios, by using a multimodal dataset of CT images and reports. Compared with the 2D counterpart, 3D VLP is required to effectively capture essential semantics from significantly sparser representation in 3D imaging. In this paper, we introduce CT-GLIP (Grounded Language-Image Pretraining with CT scans), a novel method that constructs organ-level image-text pairs to enhance multimodal contrastive learning, aligning grounded visual features with precise diagnostic text. Additionally, we developed an abnormality dictionary to augment contrastive learning with diverse contrastive pairs. Our method, trained on a multimodal CT dataset comprising 44,011 organ-level vision-text pairs from 17,702 patients across 104 organs, demonstrates it can identify organs and abnormalities in a zero-shot manner using natural languages. The performance of CT-GLIP is validated on a separate test set of 1,130 patients, focusing on the 16 most frequent abnormalities across 7 organs. The experimental results show our model's superior performance over the standard CLIP framework across zero-shot and fine-tuning scenarios, using both CNN and ViT architectures.

Yuanchen Wu, Junlong Du, Ke Yan et al.

Vision-language (VL) learning requires extensive visual perception capabilities, such as fine-grained object recognition and spatial perception. Recent works typically rely on training huge models on massive datasets to develop these capabilities. As a more efficient alternative, this paper proposes a new framework that Transfers the knowledge from a hub of Vision Experts (ToVE) for efficient VL learning, leveraging pre-trained vision expert models to promote visual perception capability. Specifically, building on a frozen CLIP encoder that provides vision tokens for image-conditioned language generation, ToVE introduces a hub of multiple vision experts and a token-aware gating network that dynamically routes expert knowledge to vision tokens. In the transfer phase, we propose a "residual knowledge transfer" strategy, which not only preserves the generalizability of the vision tokens but also allows detachment of low-contributing experts to improve inference efficiency. Further, we explore to merge these expert knowledge to a single CLIP encoder, creating a knowledge-merged CLIP that produces more informative vision tokens without expert inference during deployment. Experiment results across various VL tasks demonstrate that the proposed ToVE achieves competitive performance with two orders of magnitude fewer training data.

Yuanchen Wu, Ke Yan, Shouhong Ding et al.

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have manifested strong visual question answering capability. However, they still struggle with aligning the rationale and the generated answer, leading to inconsistent reasoning and incorrect responses. To this end, this paper introduces the Self-Rationale Calibration (SRC) framework to iteratively calibrate the alignment between rationales and answers. SRC begins by employing a lightweight "rationale fine-tuning" approach, which modifies the model's response format to require a rationale before deriving an answer without explicit prompts. Next, SRC searches for a diverse set of candidate responses from the fine-tuned LVLMs for each sample, followed by a proposed pairwise scoring strategy using a tailored scoring model, R-Scorer, to evaluate both rationale quality and factual consistency of candidates. Based on a confidence-weighted preference curation process, SRC decouples the alignment calibration into a preference fine-tuning manner, leading to significant improvements of LVLMs in perception, reasoning, and generalization across multiple benchmarks. Our results emphasize the rationale-oriented alignment in exploring the potential of LVLMs.