Yongsong Huang

Yongsong Huang, Tomo Miyazaki, Xiaofeng Liu et al.

Image Super-Resolution (SR) is essential for a wide range of computer vision and image processing tasks. Investigating infrared (IR) image (or thermal images) super-resolution is a continuing concern within the development of deep learning. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive perspective of IR image super-resolution, including its applications, hardware imaging system dilemmas, and taxonomy of image processing methodologies. In addition, the datasets and evaluation metrics in IR image super-resolution tasks are also discussed. Furthermore, the deficiencies in current technologies and possible promising directions for the community to explore are highlighted. To cope with the rapid development in this field, we intend to regularly update the relevant excellent work at https://github.com/yongsongH/Infrared_Image_SR_Survey.

Yongsong Huang, Qingzhong Wang, Shinichiro Omachi

In this paper, we present a medical AttentIon Denoising Super Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (AID-SRGAN) for diographic image super-resolution. First, we present a medical practical degradation model that considers various degradation factors beyond downsampling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first composite degradation model proposed for radiographic images. Furthermore, we propose AID-SRGAN, which can simultaneously denoise and generate high-resolution (HR) radiographs. In this model, we introduce an attention mechanism into the denoising module to make it more robust to complicated degradation. Finally, the SR module reconstructs the HR radiographs using the "clean" low-resolution (LR) radiographs. In addition, we propose a separate-joint training approach to train the model, and extensive experiments are conducted to show that the proposed method is superior to its counterparts. e.g., our proposed method achieves $31.90$ of PSNR with a scale factor of $4 \times$, which is $7.05 \%$ higher than that obtained by recent work, SPSR [16]. Our dataset and code will be made available at: https://github.com/yongsongH/AIDSRGAN-MICCAI2022.

Yongsong Huang, Tomo Miyazaki, Xiaofeng Liu et al.

Recent efforts have explored leveraging visible light images to enrich texture details in infrared (IR) super-resolution. However, this direct adaptation approach often becomes a double-edged sword, as it improves texture at the cost of introducing noise and blurring artifacts. To address these challenges, we propose the Target-oriented Domain Adaptation SRGAN (DASRGAN), an innovative framework specifically engineered for robust IR super-resolution model adaptation. DASRGAN operates on the synergy of two key components: 1) Texture-Oriented Adaptation (TOA) to refine texture details meticulously, and 2) Noise-Oriented Adaptation (NOA), dedicated to minimizing noise transfer. Specifically, TOA uniquely integrates a specialized discriminator, incorporating a prior extraction branch, and employs a Sobel-guided adversarial loss to align texture distributions effectively. Concurrently, NOA utilizes a noise adversarial loss to distinctly separate the generative and Gaussian noise pattern distributions during adversarial training. Our extensive experiments confirm DASRGAN's superiority. Comparative analyses against leading methods across multiple benchmarks and upsampling factors reveal that DASRGAN sets new state-of-the-art performance standards. Code are available at \url{https://github.com/yongsongH/DASRGAN}.

Yongsong Huang, Wanqing Xie, Mingzhen Li et al.

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple client medical institutes collaboratively train a deep learning (DL) model with privacy protection. However, the performance of FL can be constrained by the limited availability of labeled data in small institutes and the heterogeneous (i.e., non-i.i.d.) data distribution across institutes. Though data augmentation has been a proven technique to boost the generalization capabilities of conventional centralized DL as a "free lunch", its application in FL is largely underexplored. Notably, constrained by costly labeling, 3D medical segmentation generally relies on data augmentation. In this work, we aim to develop a vicinal feature-level data augmentation (VFDA) scheme to efficiently alleviate the local feature shift and facilitate collaborative training for privacy-aware FL segmentation. We take both the inner- and inter-institute divergence into consideration, without the need for cross-institute transfer of raw data or their mixup. Specifically, we exploit the batch-wise feature statistics (e.g., mean and standard deviation) in each institute to abstractly represent the discrepancy of data, and model each feature statistic probabilistically via a Gaussian prototype, with the mean corresponding to the original statistic and the variance quantifying the augmentation scope. From the vicinal risk minimization perspective, novel feature statistics can be drawn from the Gaussian distribution to fulfill augmentation. The variance is explicitly derived by the data bias in each individual institute and the underlying feature statistics characterized by all participating institutes. The added-on VFDA consistently yielded marked improvements over six advanced FL methods on both 3D brain tumor and cardiac segmentation.

Yongsong Huang, Tomo Miyazaki, Xiaofeng Liu et al.

Infrared image super-resolution demands long-range dependency modeling and multi-scale feature extraction to address challenges such as homogeneous backgrounds, weak edges, and sparse textures. While Mamba-based state-space models (SSMs) excel in global dependency modeling with linear complexity, their block-wise processing disrupts spatial consistency, limiting their effectiveness for IR image reconstruction. We propose IRSRMamba, a novel framework integrating wavelet transform feature modulation for multi-scale adaptation and an SSMs-based semantic consistency loss to restore fragmented contextual information. This design enhances global-local feature fusion, structural coherence, and fine-detail preservation while mitigating block-induced artifacts. Experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that IRSRMamba outperforms state-of-the-art methods in PSNR, SSIM, and perceptual quality. This work establishes Mamba-based architectures as a promising direction for high-fidelity IR image enhancement. Code are available at https://github.com/yongsongH/IRSRMamba.

Yongsong Huang, Tomo Miyazaki, Xiaofeng Liu et al.

Infrared Image Super-Resolution (IRSR) is challenged by the low contrast and sparse textures of infrared data, requiring robust long-range modeling to maintain global coherence. While State-Space Models like Mamba offer proficiency in modeling long-range dependencies for this task, their inherent 1D causal scanning mechanism fragments the global context of 2D images, hindering fine-detail restoration. To address this, we propose Global Phase and Spectral Prompt-guided Mamba (GPSMamba), a framework that synergizes architectural guidance with non-causal supervision. First, our Adaptive Semantic-Frequency State Space Module (ASF-SSM) injects a fused semantic-frequency prompt directly into the Mamba block, integrating non-local context to guide reconstruction. Then, a novel Thermal-Spectral Attention and Phase Consistency Loss provides explicit, non-causal supervision to enforce global structural and spectral fidelity. By combining these two innovations, our work presents a systematic strategy to mitigate the limitations of causal modeling. Extensive experiments demonstrate that GPSMamba achieves state-of-the-art performance, validating our approach as a powerful new paradigm for infrared image restoration. Code is available at https://github.com/yongsongH/GPSMamba.

Yongsong Huang, Tomo Miyazaki, Xiaofeng Liu et al.

Background and objective: High-resolution radiographic images play a pivotal role in the early diagnosis and treatment of skeletal muscle-related diseases. It is promising to enhance image quality by introducing single-image super-resolution (SISR) model into the radiology image field. However, the conventional image pipeline, which can learn a mixed mapping between SR and denoising from the color space and inter-pixel patterns, poses a particular challenge for radiographic images with limited pattern features. To address this issue, this paper introduces a novel approach: Orientation Operator Transformer - $O^{2}$former. Methods: We incorporate an orientation operator in the encoder to enhance sensitivity to denoising mapping and to integrate orientation prior. Furthermore, we propose a multi-scale feature fusion strategy to amalgamate features captured by different receptive fields with the directional prior, thereby providing a more effective latent representation for the decoder. Based on these innovative components, we propose a transformer-based SISR model, i.e., $O^{2}$former, specifically designed for radiographic images. Results: The experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves the best or second-best performance in the objective metrics compared with the competitors at $\times 4$ upsampling factor. For qualitative, more objective details are observed to be recovered. Conclusions: In this study, we propose a novel framework called $O^{2}$former for radiological image super-resolution tasks, which improves the reconstruction model's performance by introducing an orientation operator and multi-scale feature fusion strategy. Our approach is promising to further promote the radiographic image enhancement field.

Xiaofeng Liu, Yongsong Huang, Thibault Marin et al.

The to-be-denoised positron emission tomography (PET) volumes are inherent with diverse count levels, which imposes challenges for a unified model to tackle varied cases. In this work, we resort to the recently flourished prompt learning to achieve generalizable PET denoising with different count levels. Specifically, we propose dual prompts to guide the PET denoising in a divide-and-conquer manner, i.e., an explicitly count-level prompt to provide the specific prior information and an implicitly general denoising prompt to encode the essential PET denoising knowledge. Then, a novel prompt fusion module is developed to unify the heterogeneous prompts, followed by a prompt-feature interaction module to inject prompts into the features. The prompts are able to dynamically guide the noise-conditioned denoising process. Therefore, we are able to efficiently train a unified denoising model for various count levels, and deploy it to different cases with personalized prompts. We evaluated on 1940 low-count PET 3D volumes with uniformly randomly selected 13-22\% fractions of events from 97 $^{18}$F-MK6240 tau PET studies. It shows our dual prompting can largely improve the performance with informed count-level and outperform the count-conditional model.

Yongsong Huang, Zetao Jiang, Qingzhong Wang et al.

Image super-resolution is important in many fields, such as surveillance and remote sensing. However, infrared (IR) images normally have low resolution since the optical equipment is relatively expensive. Recently, deep learning methods have dominated image super-resolution and achieved remarkable performance on visible images; however, IR images have received less attention. IR images have fewer patterns, and hence, it is difficult for deep neural networks (DNNs) to learn diverse features from IR images. In this paper, we present a framework that employs heterogeneous convolution and adversarial training, namely, heterogeneous kernel-based super-resolution Wasserstein GAN (HetSRWGAN), for IR image super-resolution. The HetSRWGAN algorithm is a lightweight GAN architecture that applies a plug-and-play heterogeneous kernel-based residual block. Moreover, a novel loss function that employs image gradients is adopted, which can be applied to an arbitrary model. The proposed HetSRWGAN achieves consistently better performance in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations. According to the experimental results, the whole training process is more stable.