John Tshon Yit Soong

Kerem Delikoyun, Qianyu Chen, Win Sen Kuan et al.

Emergency departments worldwide face rising patient volumes, workforce shortages, and variability in triage decisions that threaten the delivery of timely and accurate care. Current triage methods rely primarily on vital signs, routine laboratory values, and clinicians' judgment, which, while effective, often miss emerging biological signals that could improve risk prediction for infection typing or antibiotic administration in acute conditions. To address this challenge, we introduce TriAgent, a large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent framework that couples automated biomarker discovery with deep research for literature-grounded validation and novelty assessment. TriAgent employs a supervisor research agent to generate research topics and delegate targeted queries to specialized sub-agents for evidence retrieval from various data sources. Findings are synthesized to classify biomarkers as either grounded in existing knowledge or flagged as novel candidates, offering transparent justification and highlighting unexplored pathways in acute care risk stratification. Unlike prior frameworks limited to existing routine clinical biomarkers, TriAgent aims to deliver an end-to-end framework from data analysis to literature grounding to improve transparency, explainability and expand the frontier of potentially actionable clinical biomarkers. Given a user's clinical query and quantitative triage data, TriAgent achieved a topic adherence F1 score of 55.7 +/- 5.0%, surpassing the CoT-ReAct agent by over 10%, and a faithfulness score of 0.42 +/- 0.39, exceeding all baselines by more than 50%. Across experiments, TriAgent consistently outperformed state-of-the-art LLM-based agentic frameworks in biomarker justification and literature-grounded novelty assessment. We share our repo: https://github.com/CellFace/TriAgent.

Wei Liu, Kerem Delikoyun, Qianyu Chen et al.

Off-axis digital holographic microscopy is a high-throughput, label-free imaging technology that provides three-dimensional, high-resolution information about samples, particularly useful in large-scale cellular imaging. However, the hologram reconstruction process poses a significant bottleneck for timely data analysis. To address this challenge, we propose a novel reconstruction approach that integrates deep learning with the physical principles of off-axis holography. We initialized part of the network weights based on the physical principle and then fine-tuned them via weakly supersized learning. Our off-axis hologram network (OAH-Net) retrieves phase and amplitude images with errors that fall within the measurement error range attributable to hardware, and its reconstruction speed significantly surpasses the microscope's acquisition rate. Crucially, OAH-Net demonstrates remarkable external generalization capabilities on unseen samples with distinct patterns and can be seamlessly integrated with other models for downstream tasks to achieve end-to-end real-time hologram analysis. This capability further expands off-axis holography's applications in both biological and medical studies.

Kerem Delikoyun, Qianyu Chen, Liu Wei et al.

While analysing rare blood cell aggregates remains challenging in automated haematology, they could markedly advance label-free functional diagnostics. Conventional flow cytometers efficiently perform cell counting with leukocyte differentials but fail to identify aggregates with flagged results, requiring manual reviews. Quantitative phase imaging flow cytometry captures detailed aggregate morphologies, but clinical use is hampered by massive data storage and offline processing. Incorporating hidden biomarkers into routine haematology panels would significantly improve diagnostics without flagged results. We present RT-HAD, an end-to-end deep learning-based image and data processing framework for off-axis digital holographic microscopy (DHM), which combines physics-consistent holographic reconstruction and detection, representing each blood cell in a graph to recognize aggregates. RT-HAD processes >30 GB of image data on-the-fly with turnaround time of <1.5 min and error rate of 8.9% in platelet aggregate detection, which matches acceptable laboratory error rates of haematology biomarkers and solves the big data challenge for point-of-care diagnostics.