Luyang Zhao

Luyang Zhao, Yitao Jiang, Chun-Yi She et al.

This paper presents the first steps toward a soft dolphin robot using a bio-inspired approach to mimic dolphin flexibility. The current dolphin robot uses a minimalist approach, with only two actuated cable-driven degrees of freedom actuated by a pair of motors. The actuated tail moves up and down in a swimming motion, but this first proof of concept does not permit controlled turns of the robot. While existing robotic dolphins typically use revolute joints to articulate rigid bodies, our design -- which will be made opensource -- incorporates a flexible tail with tunable silicone skin and actuation flexibility via a cable-driven system, which mimics muscle dynamics and design flexibility with a tunable skeleton structure. The design is also tunable since the backbone can be easily printed in various geometries. The paper provides insights into how a few such variations affect robot motion and efficiency, measured by speed and cost of transport (COT). This approach demonstrates the potential of achieving dolphin-like motion through enhanced flexibility in bio-inspired robotics.

Mingi Jeong, Arihant Chadda, Ziang Ren et al.

This paper introduces the first publicly accessible labeled multi-modal perception dataset for autonomous maritime navigation, focusing on in-water obstacles within the aquatic environment to enhance situational awareness for Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs). This dataset, collected over 4 years and consisting of diverse objects encountered under varying environmental conditions, aims to bridge the research gap in autonomous surface vehicles by providing a multi-modal, annotated, and ego-centric perception dataset, for object detection and classification. We also show the applicability of the proposed dataset by training deep learning-based open-source perception algorithms that have shown success. We expect that our dataset will contribute to development of the marine autonomy pipelines and marine (field) robotics. This dataset is opensource and can be found at https://seepersea.github.io/.

Weicheng Ma, Luyang Zhao, Chun-Yi She et al.

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in modeling real-world knowledge and enhancing knowledge-based generation tasks. In this paper, we further explore the potential of using LLMs to aid in the design of soft modular robots, taking into account both user instructions and physical laws, to reduce the reliance on extensive trial-and-error experiments typically needed to achieve robot designs that meet specific structural or task requirements. Specifically, we formulate the robot design process as a sequence generation task and find that LLMs are able to capture key requirements expressed in natural language and reflect them in the construction sequences of robots. To simplify, rather than conducting real-world experiments to assess design quality, we utilize a simulation tool to provide feedback to the generative model, allowing for iterative improvements without requiring extensive human annotations. Furthermore, we introduce five evaluation metrics to assess the quality of robot designs from multiple angles including task completion and adherence to instructions, supporting an automatic evaluation process. Our model performs well in evaluations for designing soft modular robots with uni- and bi-directional locomotion and stair-descending capabilities, highlighting the potential of using natural language and LLMs for robot design. However, we also observe certain limitations that suggest areas for further improvement.

Luyang Zhao, Yijia Wu, Julien Blanchet et al.

Natural systems integrate the work of many sub-units (cells) toward a large-scale unified goal (morphological and behavioral), which can counteract the effects of unexpected experiences, damage, or simply changes in tasks demands. In this paper, we exploit the opportunities presented by soft, modular, and tensegrity robots to introduce soft lattice modules that parallel the sub-units seen in biological systems. The soft lattice modules are comprised of 3D printed plastic "skeletons", linear contracting shape memory alloy spring actuators, and permanent magnets that enable adhesion between modules. The soft lattice modules are capable of independent locomotion, and can also join with other modules to achieve collective, self-assembled, larger scale tasks such as collective locomotion and moving an object across the surface of the lattice assembly. This work represents a preliminary step toward soft modular systems capable of independent and collective behaviors, and provide a platform for future studies on distributed control.

Josiah Putman, Lisa Oh, Luyang Zhao et al.

This paper presents a data structure that summarizes distances between configurations across a robot configuration space, using a binary space partition whose cells contain parameters used for a locally linear approximation of the distance function. Querying the data structure is extremely fast, particularly when compared to the graph search required for querying Probabilistic Roadmaps, and memory requirements are promising. The paper explores the use of the data structure constructed for a single robot to provide a heuristic for challenging multi-robot motion planning problems. Potential applications also include the use of remote computation to analyze the space of robot motions, which then might be transmitted on-demand to robots with fewer computational resources.