Husheng Li

Lei Chu, Ling Pei, Husheng Li et al.

This paper develops a new deep neural network optimized equalization framework for massive multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMOOFDM) systems that employ low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at the base station (BS). The use of lowresolution ADCs could largely reduce hardware complexity and circuit power consumption, however, it makes the channel station information almost blind to the BS, hence causing difficulty in solving the equalization problem. In this paper, we consider a supervised learning architecture, where the goal is to learn a representative function that can predict the targets (constellation points) from the inputs (outputs of the low-resolution ADCs) based on the labeled training data (pilot signals). Especially, our main contributions are two-fold: 1) First, we design a new activation function, whose outputs are close to the constellation points when the parameters are finally optimized, to help us fully exploit the stochastic gradient descent method for the discrete optimization problem. 2) Second, an unsupervised loss is designed and then added to the optimization objective, aiming to enhance the representation ability (so-called generalization). Lastly, various experimental results confirm the superiority of the proposed equalizer over some existing ones, particularly when the statistics of the channel state information are unclear.

Husheng Li

The theoretical explanation for deep neural network (DNN) is still an open problem. In this paper DNN is considered as a discrete-time dynamical system due to its layered structure. The complexity provided by the nonlinearity in the dynamics is analyzed in terms of topological entropy and chaos characterized by Lyapunov exponents. The properties revealed for the dynamics of DNN are applied to analyze the corresponding capabilities of classification and generalization.

Zi Wang, Dali Wang, Chengcheng Li et al.

Cell movement in the early phase of C. elegans development is regulated by a highly complex process in which a set of rules and connections are formulated at distinct scales. Previous efforts have shown that agent-based, multi-scale modeling systems can integrate physical and biological rules and provide new avenues to study developmental systems. However, the application of these systems to model cell movement is still challenging and requires a comprehensive understanding of regulation networks at the right scales. Recent developments in deep learning and reinforcement learning provide an unprecedented opportunity to explore cell movement using 3D time-lapse images. We present a deep reinforcement learning approach within an ABM system to characterize cell movement in C. elegans embryogenesis. Our modeling system captures the complexity of cell movement patterns in the embryo and overcomes the local optimization problem encountered by traditional rule-based, ABM that uses greedy algorithms. We tested our model with two real developmental processes: the anterior movement of the Cpaaa cell via intercalation and the rearrangement of the left-right asymmetry. In the first case, model results showed that Cpaaa's intercalation is an active directional cell movement caused by the continuous effects from a longer distance, as opposed to a passive movement caused by neighbor cell movements. This is because the learning-based simulation found that a passive movement model could not lead Cpaaa to the predefined destination. In the second case, a leader-follower mechanism well explained the collective cell movement pattern. These results showed that our approach to introduce deep reinforcement learning into ABM can test regulatory mechanisms by exploring cell migration paths in a reverse engineering perspective. This model opens new doors to explore large datasets generated by live imaging.