Luisa D'Amore

Luisa D'Amore, Rosalba Cacciapuoti

Data Assimilation (DA) is a methodology for combining mathematical models simulating complex systems (the background knowledge) and measurements (the reality or observational data) in order to improve the estimate of the system state. This is a large scale ill posed in- verse problem then in this note we consider the Tikhonov-regularized variational formulation of 3D- DA problem, namely the so-called 3D- Var DA problem. We review two Domain Decomposition (DD) approaches, namely the functional DD and the discrete Multiplicative Parallel Schwarz, and as the 3D-Var DA problem is a least square problem, we prove the equivalence between these approaches.

Luisa D'Amore, Rosalba Cacciapuoti

We present the mathematical framework of a Domain Decomposition (DD) aproach based on Parallel-in-Time methods (PinT-based approach) for solving the 4D-Var Data Assimilation (DA) model. The main outcome of the proposed DD PinT-based approach is: 1. DA acts as coarse/predictor for the local PDE-based forecasting model, increasing the accuracy of the local solution. 2. The fine and coarse solvers can be used in parallel, increasing the efficiency of the algorithm.3. Data locality is preserved and data movement is reduced, increasing the software scalability. We provide the mathematical framework including convergence analysis and error propagation.

Luisa D'Amore

According to the Hughes phenomenon, the major challenges encountered in computations with learning models comes from the scale of complexity, e.g. the so-called curse of dimensionality. There are various approaches for accelerate learning computations with minimal loss of accuracy. These approaches range from model-level to implementation-level approaches. To the best of our knowledge, the first one is rarely used in its basic form. Perhaps, this is due to theoretical understanding of mathematical insights of model decomposition approaches, and thus the ability of developing mathematical improvements has lagged behind. We describe a model-level decomposition approach that combines both the decomposition of the operators and the decomposition of the network. We perform a feasibility analysis on the resulting algorithm, both in terms of its accuracy and scalability.

Rosalba Cacciapuoti, Luisa D'Amore

We focus on Partial Differential Equation (PDE) based Data Assimilatio problems (DA) solved by means of variational approaches and Kalman filter algorithm. Recently, we presented a Domain Decomposition framework (we call it DD-DA, for short) performing a decomposition of the whole physical domain along space and time directions, and joining the idea of Schwarz' methods and parallel in time approaches. For effective parallelization of DD-DA algorithms, the computational load assigned to subdomains must be equally distributed. Usually computational cost is proportional to the amount of data entities assigned to partitions. Good quality partitioning also requires the volume of communication during calculation to be kept at its minimum. In order to deal with DD-DA problems where the observations are nonuniformly distributed and general sparse, in the present work we employ a parallel load balancing algorithm based on adaptive and dynamic defining of boundaries of DD -- which is aimed to balance workload according to data location. We call it DyDD. As the numerical model underlying DA problems arising from the so-called discretize-then-optimize approach is the constrained least square model (CLS), we will use CLS as a reference state estimation problem and we validate DyDD on different scenarios.