Dörthe Arndt

Dörthe Arndt, Stephan Mennicke

In this paper, we delve into Notation3 Logic (N3), an extension of RDF, which empowers users to craft rules introducing fresh blank nodes to RDF graphs. This capability is pivotal in various applications such as ontology mapping, given the ubiquitous presence of blank nodes directly or in auxiliary constructs across the Web. However, the availability of fast N3 reasoners fully supporting blank node introduction remains limited. Conversely, engines like VLog or Nemo, though not explicitly designed for Semantic Web rule formats, cater to analogous constructs, namely existential rules. We investigate the correlation between N3 rules featuring blank nodes in their heads and existential rules. We pinpoint a subset of N3 that seamlessly translates to existential rules and establish a mapping preserving the equivalence of N3 formulae. To showcase the potential benefits of this translation in N3 reasoning, we implement this mapping and compare the performance of N3 reasoners like EYE and cwm against VLog and Nemo, both on native N3 rules and their translated counterparts. Our findings reveal that existential rule reasoners excel in scenarios with abundant facts, while the EYE reasoner demonstrates exceptional speed in managing a high volume of dependent rules. Additionally to the original conference version of this paper, we include all proofs of the theorems and introduce a new section dedicated to N3 lists featuring built-in functions and how they are implemented in existential rules. Adding lists to our translation/framework gives interesting insights on related design decisions influencing the standardization of N3.

Piotr Gorczyca, Dörthe Arndt, Martin Diller et al.

We propose the Riskman ontology and shapes for representing and analysing information about risk management for medical devices. Risk management is concerned with taking necessary precautions to ensure that a medical device does not cause harms for users or the environment. To date, risk management documentation is submitted to notified bodies (for certification) in the form of semi-structured natural language text. We propose to use terms from the Riskman ontology to provide a formal, logical underpinning for risk management documentation, and to use the included SHACL constraints to check whether the provided data is in accordance with the requirements of the two relevant norms, i.e. ISO 14971 and VDE Spec 90025.