Dominique Labbé

Dominique Labbé, Cyril Labbé, Jacques Savoy

Generative AI proposes several large language models (LLMs) to automatically generate a message in response to users' requests. Such scientific breakthroughs promote new writing assistants but with some fears. The main focus of this study is to analyze the written style of one LLM called ChatGPT by comparing its generated messages with those of the recent French presidents. To achieve this, we compare end-of-the-year addresses written by Chirac, Sarkozy, Hollande, and Macron with those automatically produced by ChatGPT. We found that ChatGPT tends to overuse nouns, possessive determiners, and numbers. On the other hand, the generated speeches employ less verbs, pronouns, and adverbs and include, in mean, too standardized sentences. Considering some words, one can observe that ChatGPT tends to overuse "to must" (devoir), "to continue" or the lemma "we" (nous). Moreover, GPT underuses the auxiliary verb "to be" (^etre), or the modal verbs "to will" (vouloir) or "to have to" (falloir). In addition, when a short text is provided as example to ChatGPT, the machine can generate a short message with a style closed to the original wording. Finally, we reveal that ChatGPT style exposes distinct features compared to real presidential speeches.

Dominique Labbé, Jacques Savoy

En plus de soixante ans, huit présidents se sont succédé à la tête de la Ve République française (de Gaulle, Pompidou, Giscard d'Estaing, Mitterrand, Chirac, Sarkozy, Hollande, Macron). Après avoir présenté le corpus de leurs discours -- soit 9202 textes et plus de 20 millions de mots étiquetés -- le style de chacun des présidents sera caractérisé à l'aide de leurs vocabulaire (vocables et catégories grammaticales). Une analyse plus approfondie révèle les séquences typiques de chaque locataire de l'Élysée. Basée sur les distances entre l'ensemble des allocutions, une figure illustre les similitudes et différences entre les différents présidents. Over the past sixty-six years, eight presidents successively headed the Fifth French Republic (de Gaulle, Pompidou, Giscard d'Estaing, Mitterrand, Chirac, Sarkozy, Holland, Macron). After presenting the corpus of their speeches -- 9,202 texts and more than 20 million labelled words -- the style of each of them will be characterized by their vocabulary (lemmas and part-of-speech). A deeper analysis reveals the typical sequences of each tenant of the Elysée. Based on an intertextual distance between all presidential speeches, a synthesis can be drawn reflecting the similarities and differences between presidents.