Arjun Mehta

Abhayjeet Singh, Arjun Singh Mehta, Ashish Khuraishi K S et al.

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance has improved drastically in recent years, mainly enabled by self-supervised learning (SSL) based acoustic models such as wav2vec2 and large-scale multi-lingual training like Whisper. A huge challenge still exists for low-resource languages where the availability of both audio and text is limited. This is further complicated by the presence of multiple dialects like in Indian languages. However, many Indian languages can be grouped into the same families and share the same script and grammatical structure. This is where a lot of adaptation and fine-tuning techniques can be applied to overcome the low-resource nature of the data by utilising well-resourced similar languages. In such scenarios, it is important to understand the extent to which each modality, like acoustics and text, is important in building a reliable ASR. It could be the case that an abundance of acoustic data in a language reduces the need for large text-only corpora. Or, due to the availability of various pretrained acoustic models, the vice-versa could also be true. In this proposed special session, we encourage the community to explore these ideas with the data in two low-resource Indian languages of Bengali and Bhojpuri. These approaches are not limited to Indian languages, the solutions are potentially applicable to various languages spoken around the world.

Kabir Khan, Priya Sharma, Arjun Mehta et al.

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from a critical limitation: their knowledge is static and quickly becomes outdated. Retraining these massive models is computationally prohibitive, while existing knowledge editing techniques can be slow and may introduce unforeseen side effects. To address this, we propose DySK-Attn, a novel framework that enables LLMs to efficiently integrate real-time knowledge from a dynamic external source. Our approach synergizes an LLM with a dynamic Knowledge Graph (KG) that can be updated instantaneously. The core of our framework is a sparse knowledge attention mechanism, which allows the LLM to perform a coarse-to-fine grained search, efficiently identifying and focusing on a small, highly relevant subset of facts from the vast KG. This mechanism avoids the high computational cost of dense attention over the entire knowledge base and mitigates noise from irrelevant information. We demonstrate through extensive experiments on time-sensitive question-answering tasks that DySK-Attn significantly outperforms strong baselines, including standard Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and model editing techniques, in both factual accuracy for updated knowledge and computational efficiency. Our framework offers a scalable and effective solution for building LLMs that can stay current with the ever-changing world.