Ivana Beňová

Matúš Pikuliak, Ivana Beňová, Viktor Bachratý

Many measures of societal bias in language models have been proposed in recent years. A popular approach is to use a set of word filling prompts to evaluate the behavior of the language models. In this work, we analyze the validity of two such measures -- StereoSet and CrowS-Pairs. We show that these measures produce unexpected and illogical results when appropriate control group samples are constructed. Based on this, we believe that they are problematic and using them in the future should be reconsidered. We propose a way forward with an improved testing protocol. Finally, we also introduce a new gender bias dataset for Slovak.

Ivana Beňová, Michal Gregor, Albert Gatt

How do vision-language (VL) transformer models ground verb phrases and do they integrate contextual and world knowledge in this process? We introduce the CV-Probes dataset, containing image-caption pairs involving verb phrases that require both social knowledge and visual context to interpret (e.g., "beg"), as well as pairs involving verb phrases that can be grounded based on information directly available in the image (e.g., "sit"). We show that VL models struggle to ground VPs that are strongly context-dependent. Further analysis using explainable AI techniques shows that such models may not pay sufficient attention to the verb token in the captions. Our results suggest a need for improved methodologies in VL model training and evaluation. The code and dataset will be available https://github.com/ivana-13/CV-Probes.

Ivana Beňová, Jana Košecká, Michal Gregor et al.

The dominant probing approaches rely on the zero-shot performance of image-text matching tasks to gain a finer-grained understanding of the representations learned by recent multimodal image-language transformer models. The evaluation is carried out on carefully curated datasets focusing on counting, relations, attributes, and others. This work introduces an alternative probing strategy called guided masking. The proposed approach ablates different modalities using masking and assesses the model's ability to predict the masked word with high accuracy. We focus on studying multimodal models that consider regions of interest (ROI) features obtained by object detectors as input tokens. We probe the understanding of verbs using guided masking on ViLBERT, LXMERT, UNITER, and VisualBERT and show that these models can predict the correct verb with high accuracy. This contrasts with previous conclusions drawn from image-text matching probing techniques that frequently fail in situations requiring verb understanding. The code for all experiments will be publicly available https://github.com/ivana-13/guided_masking.