Aizea Lojo

Jon Irureta, Gorka Azkune, Jon Imaz et al.

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) has emerged as a critical paradigm for collaborative model training in privacy-sensitive domains such as finance and healthcare. However, most existing VFL frameworks rely on the idealized assumption of full sample alignment across participants, a premise that rarely holds in real-world scenarios. To bridge this gap, this work introduces Split-MoPE, a novel framework that integrates Split Learning with a specialized Mixture of Predefined Experts (MoPE) architecture. Unlike standard Mixture of Experts (MoE), where routing is learned dynamically, MoPE uses predefined experts to process specific data alignments, effectively maximizing data usage during both training and inference without requiring full sample overlap. By leveraging pretrained encoders for target data domains, Split-MoPE achieves state-of-the-art performance in a single communication round, significantly reducing the communication footprint compared to multi-round end-to-end training. Furthermore, unlike existing proposals that address sample misalignment, this novel architecture provides inherent robustness against malicious or noisy participants and offers per-sample interpretability by quantifying each collaborator's contribution to each prediction. Extensive evaluations on vision (CIFAR-10/100) and tabular (Breast Cancer Wisconsin) datasets demonstrate that Split-MoPE consistently outperforms state-of-the-art systems such as LASER and Vertical SplitNN, particularly in challenging scenarios with high data missingness.

Adrian Garcia-Castañeda, Jon Irureta, Jon Imaz et al.

Class Incremental Learning (CIL) poses a fundamental challenge: maintaining a balance between the plasticity required to learn new tasks and the stability needed to prevent catastrophic forgetting. While expansion-based methods effectively mitigate forgetting by adding task-specific parameters, they suffer from uncontrolled architectural growth and memory overhead. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic scaling framework that adaptively manages model capacity through a cyclic "GRow, Assess, ComprEss" (GRACE) strategy. Crucially, we supplement backbone expansion with a novel saturation assessment phase that evaluates the utilization of the model's capacity. This assessment allows the framework to make informed decisions to either expand the architecture or compress the backbones into a streamlined representation, preventing parameter explosion. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple CIL benchmarks, while reducing memory footprint by up to a 73% compared to purely expansionist models.