David A. Clausi

Kyle Gao, Pranavi Kotta, Linlin Xu et al.

Agentic systems are increasingly integrated with geographic information systems (GIS), where multi-agent coordination enables complex conversational and spatial analysis but introduces security risks. This work presents a security-oriented framework for risk identification, evaluation, and mitigation in a multi-agent GIS system while maintaining adaptability to broader agentic architectures. We test the agentic system of a commercial geospatial partner while developing a modular state-machine-based orchestration framework that abstracts agent behavior into reusable components. We evaluate robustness using a red-teaming framework with an adaptive attacker LLM and a deterministic judge that produces binary outcomes with supporting rationales across multi-turn attacks. We further improve resilience with a prompt optimization framework that treats prompts as structured signatures and injects adversarial demonstrations, enabling systematic security improvements without degrading task performance.

Kyle Gao, Joel Cumming, Jonathan Li et al.

We present an LLM-driven framework for retrieving remote sensing data from cloud-based geospatial catalogues using natural language queries. The system converts user intent into structured API calls, enabling efficient access to satellite imagery and environmental datasets. The architecture integrates three agents: Guardrail for safety and policy enforcement, General-QA for intent interpretation, and Recommender-Analyst for schema-aware API call generation. This coordinated design ensures reliable, semantically aligned interaction with external data services. The modular framework is portable across platforms through API schema substitution and supports applications in environmental monitoring, disaster response, and climate analysis. It establishes a scalable interface between user intent and geospatial infrastructure, enabling streamlined and automated Earth observation workflows. Preliminary experiments under adversarial multi-turn settings show that prompt-level safety instructions improve robustness, although rare high-impact failures persist in API manipulation scenarios and highlight the need for adaptive, system-level defenses that balance safety, usability, and cost efficiency, which motivates the use of our intercept-level Guardrail agent.

Quanyun Wu, Kyle Gao, Wentao Sun et al.

Accurate quantification of forest coverage and combustible biomass (fuel load) is critical for wildfire risk assessment and ecosystem management. However, traditional methods relying on airborne LiDAR or field surveys are cost-prohibitive and time-intensive, while satellite imagery often lacks the vertical resolution required for canopy volume analysis. This paper proposes a novel, automated pipeline for rapid forest inventory using virtual remote sensing data derived from Google Earth Studio (GES). Our approach first generates low-altitude orbital imagery and camera poses for a target region. For dense 3D reconstruction, we employ Pi-Long, developed within the VGGT-Long framework. This model serves as a scalable extension of the Pi-3 feed-forward Transformer architecture. To address the inherent scale ambiguity in monocular reconstruction, we introduce a metric recovery module that aligns the reconstructed trajectory with GES ground truth poses via Sim(3) Umeyama optimization. The metric-scale point cloud is then orthogonally projected into Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) height and density maps. Finally, we employ a watershed-based segmentation algorithm combined with height variance analysis to classify tree species (conifer vs. broadleaf), calculate Leaf Area Index (LAI), and estimate total fuel load. Experimental results demonstrate that this pipeline offers a scalable, cost-effective alternative to physical scanning, enabling near-real-time estimation of forest biomass with high geometric consistency.

Quanyun Wu, Kyle Gao, Wentao Sun et al.

Accurate measurement of island area and coastline length is crucial for coastal zone monitoring and oceanographic analysis. However, traditional measurement and mapping methods usually rely heavily on orthophotos, expensive airborne depth sensors, or dense ground control points, which face serious limitations of high labor costs, time-consuming efforts, and low operational efficiency in vast and inaccessible open sea environments. To overcome these challenges and break away from the reliance on manual field exploration, this paper proposes a geometrically consistent, real-scale island measurement framework based on pure monocular vision. This project significantly reduces the mapping cost through a fully automated process and achieves high-efficiency measurement without prior GIS data. In our system pipeline, only the geographical coordinates or names of the target area need to be input to obtain a low-altitude surrounding image sequence. After obtaining the point clouds, a lightweight trajectory alignment algorithm (Umeyama) is used to restore the global physical scale, and the scaled model is orthorectified, enabling high-precision area and perimeter extraction directly on the 2D rasterized plane. We have fully verified this pipeline on four islands with different terrain features (covering natural landform islands and islands with complex artificial facilities). The experimental results show that the final measurement error of the system is stable at around 10\%, demonstrating excellent accuracy and robustness. Moreover, this framework has outstanding inference speed, requiring only 70 ms to process a single high-resolution image and generate point clouds, providing a highly practical new paradigm for large-scale marine and coastline