Kang-Jun Liu

Huyen T. T. Tran, Van-Quang Nguyen, Farros Alferro et al.

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive abilities in understanding and reasoning over conventional images. However, their perception of 360° images remains largely underexplored. Unlike conventional images, 360° images capture the entire surrounding environment, enabling holistic spatial reasoning but introducing challenges such as geometric distortion and complex spatial relations. To comprehensively assess MLLMs' capabilities to perceive 360° images, we introduce 360Bench, a Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmark featuring 7K-resolution 360° images, seven representative (sub)tasks with annotations carefully curated by human annotators. Using 360Bench, we systematically evaluate seven MLLMs and six enhancement methods, revealing their shortcomings in 360° image perception. To address these challenges, we propose Free360, a training-free scene-graph-based framework for high-resolution 360° VQA. Free360 decomposes the reasoning process into modular steps, applies adaptive spherical image transformations to 360° images tailored to each step, and seamlessly integrates the resulting information into a unified graph representation for answer generation. Experiments show that Free360 consistently improves its base MLLM and provides a strong training-free solution for 360° VQA tasks. The source code and dataset will be publicly released upon acceptance.

Tomoyuki Suzuki, Kang-Jun Liu, Naoto Inoue et al.

Designers craft and edit graphic designs in a layer representation, but layer-based editing becomes impossible once composited into a raster image. In this work, we propose LayerD, a method to decompose raster graphic designs into layers for re-editable creative workflow. LayerD addresses the decomposition task by iteratively extracting unoccluded foreground layers. We propose a simple yet effective refinement approach taking advantage of the assumption that layers often exhibit uniform appearance in graphic designs. As decomposition is ill-posed and the ground-truth layer structure may not be reliable, we develop a quality metric that addresses the difficulty. In experiments, we show that LayerD successfully achieves high-quality decomposition and outperforms baselines. We also demonstrate the use of LayerD with state-of-the-art image generators and layer-based editing.