Jun Zhang

Yuchang Sun, Yuyi Mao, Jun Zhang · tencent-ai

Federated learning (FL) is a promising framework for privacy-preserving collaborative learning, where model training tasks are distributed to clients and only the model updates need to be collected at a server. However, when being deployed at mobile edge networks, clients may have unpredictable availability and drop out of the training process, which hinders the convergence of FL. This paper tackles such a critical challenge. Specifically, we first investigate the convergence of the classical FedAvg algorithm with arbitrary client dropouts. We find that with the common choice of a decaying learning rate, FedAvg oscillates around a stationary point of the global loss function, which is caused by the divergence between the aggregated and desired central update. Motivated by this new observation, we then design a novel training algorithm named MimiC, where the server modifies each received model update based on the previous ones. The proposed modification of the received model updates mimics the imaginary central update irrespective of dropout clients. The theoretical analysis of MimiC shows that divergence between the aggregated and central update diminishes with proper learning rates, leading to its convergence. Simulation results further demonstrate that MimiC maintains stable convergence performance and learns better models than the baseline methods.

Zhicong Wang, Zicheng Ma, Ziqiang Cao et al.

Motivation: Proteins are of great significance in living organisms. However, understanding their functions encounters numerous challenges, such as insufficient integration of multimodal information, a large number of training parameters, limited flexibility of classification-based methods, and the lack of systematic evaluation metrics for protein Q&A systems. To tackle these issues, we propose the Prot2Chat framework. Results: We modified ProteinMPNN to encode protein sequence and structural information in a unified way. We used a large language model (LLM) to encode questions into vectors and developed a protein-text adapter to compress protein information into virtual tokens based on these vectors, achieving the early fusion of text and protein information. Finally, the same LLM reads the virtual tokens and the questions to generate answers. To optimize training efficiency, we froze the encoder and employed Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) techniques for the LLM. Experiments on two datasets show that both automated metrics and expert evaluations demonstrate the superior performance of our model, and zero-shot prediction results highlight its generalization ability. The models and codes are available at https://github.com/ wangzc1233/Prot2Chat. Contact: zqcao@suda.edu.cn or wangzc025@163.com Key words: Protein Q&A, Early-Fusion, LLM

Jiawei Shao, Jun Zhang

The emergence of various intelligent mobile applications demands the deployment of powerful deep learning models at resource-constrained mobile devices. The device-edge co-inference framework provides a promising solution by splitting a neural network at a mobile device and an edge computing server. In order to balance the on-device computation and the communication overhead, the splitting point needs to be carefully picked, while the intermediate feature needs to be compressed before transmission. Existing studies decoupled the design of model splitting, feature compression, and communication, which may lead to excessive resource consumption of the mobile device. In this paper, we introduce an end-to-end architecture, named BottleNet++, that consists of an encoder, a non-trainable channel layer, and a decoder for more efficient feature compression and transmission. The encoder and decoder essentially implement joint source-channel coding via convolutional neural networks (CNNs), while explicitly considering the effect of channel noise. By exploiting the strong sparsity and the fault-tolerant property of the intermediate feature in a deep neural network (DNN), BottleNet++ achieves a much higher compression ratio than existing methods. Furthermore, by providing the channel condition to the encoder as an input, our method enjoys a strong generalization ability in different channel conditions. Compared with merely transmitting intermediate data without feature compression, BottleNet++ achieves up to 64x bandwidth reduction over the additive white Gaussian noise channel and up to 256x bit compression ratio in the binary erasure channel, with less than 2% reduction in accuracy. With a higher compression ratio, BottleNet++ enables splitting a DNN at earlier layers, which leads to up to 3x reduction in on-device computation compared with other compression methods.