KV-cache compression
ShadowKV
ShadowKV: KV Cache in Shadows for High-Throughput Long-Context LLM Inference
Superseded — cited as a baseline and beaten by newer methods
4 papers critique it · 6 beat it on benchmarks
What papers say
Verbatim critique sentences, each from a paper that cites ShadowKV as a baseline.
However, limited by the accuracy constraints of intra-layer SVD, ShadowKV is forced to offload Value states to the CPU, leaving inference speed bounded by PCIe bandwidth.
“We systematically evaluate KV offloading methods on context-intensive tasks and observe significant accuracy drops”
“ShadowKV does not support long-generation since the SVD is performed only once during prefill, leaving the low-rank key unupdated during decoding.”
“Unfortunately, their coarse-grained retrieval strategies often overlook fine-grained dependencies and incur high I/O overhead.”
Beaten on benchmarks
Head-to-head results where a newer method reports beating ShadowKV. Values are copied from the source paper's tables — verify against the cited paper.
FreeKV beats ShadowKV
65.46 vs 21.25
CR · [Qwen-2.5-14B-Instruct, LongGenBench]
FreeKV: Boosting KV Cache Retrieval for Efficient LLM InferenceHeteroCache beats ShadowKV
28.9 vs 25.0
Overall · [DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B, 50% memory]
HeteroCache: A Dynamic Retrieval Approach to Heterogeneous KV Cache Compression for Long-Context LLM InferenceSVDq+Sparsity beats ShadowKV
55.5 vs 51.8
Average · [Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct]
SVDq: 1.25-bit and 410x Key Cache Compression for LLM AttentionxKSR beats ShadowKV
42.50 vs 40.51
Avg. · [Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, Comp. 1.68 (10.45)]
xKV: Cross-Layer SVD for KV-Cache CompressionxKVSR beats ShadowKV
42.40 vs 41.51
Avg. · [Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, Comp. 5.35]
xKV: Cross-Layer SVD for KV-Cache CompressionKVDrive beats ShadowKV
68.07 vs 67.03
Avg (RULER) · [Qwen-3-8B]
KVDrive: A Holistic Multi-Tier KV Cache Management System for Long-Context LLM Inference
What to use instead
Recent methods in the same sub-problem, not yet superseded in the knowledge base — arXiv benchmark leaders, not vetted production recommendations.
- May 28, 2026
- May 18, 2026
- LouverSparse Attention as a Range Searching Problem: Towards an Inference-Efficient Index for KV CacheMay 7, 2026
- Apr 12, 2026
- ScoutAttentionScoutAttention: Efficient KV Cache Offloading via Layer-Ahead CPU Pre-computation for LLM InferenceMar 28, 2026
- DynSplit-KVDynSplit-KV: Dynamic Semantic Splitting for KVCache Compression in Efficient Long-Context LLM InferenceFeb 3, 2026
- HeteroCacheHeteroCache: A Dynamic Retrieval Approach to Heterogeneous KV Cache Compression for Long-Context LLM InferenceJan 20, 2026
- Dec 11, 2025
- CLOCLO: Efficient LLM Inference System with CPU-Light KVCache Offloading via Algorithm-System Co-DesignNov 18, 2025
- Oct 13, 2025