Living systematic review
Long-context / context-window extension
Extending the usable context window of LLMs — rotary-position scaling (RoPE/PI/NTK/YaRN/LongRoPE), length extrapolation, and long-context fine-tuning.
69 papers137 critique receipts595 benchmark resultsupdated Jun 18, 2026
Most-superseded baselines
Ranked by how many distinct papers critique or beat each method — the standard baselines newer work routinely measures against.
- 1RoPE
RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embedding
17 critique · 8 beaten on benchmarks
- 2YaRN
YaRN: Efficient Context Window Extension of Large Language Models
10 critique · 8 beaten on benchmarks
- 3Position Interpolationin YaRN
Extending Context Window of Large Language Models via Positional Interpolation
8 critique · 5 beaten on benchmarks
- 4APEin RoPE
APE: Faster and Longer Context-Augmented Generation via Adaptive Parallel Encoding
8 critique · 3 beaten on benchmarks
- 5StreamingLLM
Efficient Streaming Language Models with Attention Sinks
3 critique · 7 beaten on benchmarks
- 6NTK-awarein YaRN
4 critique · 6 beaten on benchmarks
- 7ALiBiin RoPE
Train Short, Test Long: Attention with Linear Biases Enables Input Length Extrapolation
4 critique · 5 beaten on benchmarks
- 8Self-Extendin YaRN
LLM Maybe LongLM: Self-Extend LLM Context Window Without Tuning
5 critique · 4 beaten on benchmarks
- 9H2Oin StreamingLLM
H$_2$O: Heavy-Hitter Oracle for Efficient Generative Inference of Large Language Models
5 critique · 3 beaten on benchmarks
- 10Activation Beacon
Long Context Compression with Activation Beacon
2 critique · 4 beaten on benchmarks
- 11MInferencein StreamingLLM
1 critique · 4 beaten on benchmarks
- 12KERPLEin RoPE
KERPLE: Kernelized Relative Positional Embedding for Length Extrapolation
2 critique · 3 beaten on benchmarks
The competition
Methods that fight on the same benchmarks cluster into distinct sub-problems.
YaRN24 methods
YaRN · Position Interpolation · NTK-aware · Self-Extend · DCA · LongRoPE
StreamingLLM24 methods
StreamingLLM · H2O · MInference · SnapKV · Quest · PyramidKV
Activation Beacon12 methods
Activation Beacon · CEPE · Mamba · HMT · LongLLMLingua · RMT
RAG6 methods
RAG · CoA · LongAgent · Chain-of-Agents (CoA) · Graph of Agents (GoA) · XpandA
Ring Attention4 methods
The frontier
Recent methods not yet superseded in the knowledge base.
- May 19, 2026
- May 14, 2026
- May 14, 2026
- Apr 1, 2026
- Mar 30, 2026
- Mar 5, 2026
- Feb 11, 2026
- Dec 10, 2025
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- Nov 24, 2025
- Nov 21, 2025
- Nov 12, 2025