Tool use / function calling

Toolformer

Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools

Superseded baseline#8 of 55 most-superseded · first seen Feb 9, 2023

Superseded — cited as a baseline and beaten by newer methods

2 papers critique it · 1 beat it on benchmarks

What papers say

Verbatim critique sentences, each from a paper that cites Toolformer as a baseline.

Toolformer~Toolformer focuses on when to invoke tools rather than reasoning about fine-grained tool costs or long-term expenditure.
CostBench: Evaluating Multi-Turn Cost-Optimal Planning and Adaptation in Dynamic Environments for LLM Tool-Use Agents
These studies substantially advance reasoning control and tool-use alignment, but they generally treat reasoning depth and execution structure as separate concerns rather than as jointly case-conditioned aspects of the same problem.
Case-Based Calibration of Adaptive Reasoning and Execution for LLM Tool Use

Beaten on benchmarks

Head-to-head results where a newer method reports beating Toolformer. Values are copied from the source paper's tables — verify against the cited paper.

What to use instead

Recent methods in the same sub-problem, not yet superseded in the knowledge base — arXiv benchmark leaders, not vetted production recommendations.