Continuation of connecting orbits in 3D-ODEs: (II) Cycle-to-cycle connections
Provides a practical numerical tool for studying cycle-to-cycle connections in 3D ODEs, relevant for researchers in dynamical systems and applied fields like population dynamics.
This paper extends numerical continuation methods from point-to-cycle to cycle-to-cycle connecting orbits in 3D ODEs, using projection boundary conditions with adjoint eigenfunctions to avoid monodromy matrix computations. The method is implemented in AUTO and demonstrated on a population dynamics model.
In Part I of this paper we discussed new methods for the numerical continuation of point-to-cycle connecting orbits in 3-dimensional autonomous ODE's using projection boundary conditions. In this second part we extend the method to the numerical continuation of cycle-to-cycle connecting orbits. In our approach, the projection boundary conditions near the cycles are formulated using eigenfunctions of the associated adjoint variational equations, avoiding costly and numerically unstable computations of the monodromy matrices. The equations for the eigenfunctions are included in the defining boundary-value problem, allowing a straightforward implementation in AUTO, in which only the standard features of the software are employed. Homotopy methods to find the connecting orbits are discussed in general and illustrated with an example from population dynamics. Complete AUTO demos, which can be easily adapted to any autonomous 3-dimensional ODE system, are freely available.