External Tonehole Interactions in Woodwind Instruments
This addresses a specific acoustic modeling issue for woodwind instrument design and analysis, representing an incremental improvement.
The paper tackled the problem of external tonehole interactions in woodwind instruments, which are ignored by the classical Transfer-Matrix Method (TMM), and found that accounting for these interactions increases radiated energy, slightly reduces lower resonance frequencies, and significantly modifies the response near and above the tonehole lattice cutoff frequency.
The classical Transfer-Matrix Method (TMM) is often used to calculate the input impedance of woodwind instruments. However, the TMM ignores the possible influence of the radiated sound from toneholes on other open holes. In this paper a method is proposed to account for external tonehole interactions. We describe the Transfer-Matrix Method with external Interaction (TMMI) and then compare results using this approach with the Finite Element Method (FEM) and TMM, as well as with experimental data. It is found that the external tonehole interactions increase the amount of radiated energy, reduce slightly the lower resonance frequencies, and modify significantly the response near and above the tonehole lattice cutoff frequency. In an appendix, a simple perturbation of the TMM to account for external interactions is investigated, though it is found to be inadequate at low frequencies and for holes spaced far apart.