Yao's millionaires' problem and decoy-based public key encryption by classical physics
This offers a novel approach to cryptography that could impact secure communication by replacing computational assumptions with physical principles.
The paper tackles Yao's millionaires' problem and public key encryption by using classical physics laws instead of one-way functions, introducing decoy-based cryptography as a new paradigm with informationally secure protocols against unbounded adversaries.
We use various laws of classical physics to offer several solutions of Yao's millionaires' problem without using any one-way functions. We also describe several informationally secure public key encryption protocols, i.e., protocols secure against passive computationally unbounded adversary. This introduces a new paradigm of decoy-based cryptography, as opposed to "traditional" complexity-based cryptography. In particular, our protocols do not employ any one-way functions.