Computational study for investigating acoustic streaming and heating during acoustic hemostasis
For researchers in HIFU-based hemostasis, this model provides insights into the interplay of physical mechanisms, though the findings are incremental.
This study developed a mathematical model of acoustic hemostasis incorporating nonlinear acoustics, bioheat transfer, and hemodynamics to investigate the roles of acoustic streaming and heating. The optimal focal point was found at the rear of the wound with a 45° sonication angle.
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has many applications ranging from thermal ablation of cancer to hemostasis. Although focused ultrasound can seal a bleeding site, physical mechanisms of acoustic hemostasis are not fully understood yet. To understand better the interaction between different physical mechanisms involved in hemostasis a mathematical model of acoustic hemostasis is developed. This model comprises the nonlinear Westervelt equation and the bioheat equations in tissue and blood vessel. In the three dimensional domain, the nonlinear hemodynamic equations are coupled with the acoustic and thermal equations. Convected cooling and acoustic streaming effects are incorporated in the modeling study. Several sonication angles and two wound shapes have been studied. The optimal focal point location is at the rear of the wound and the optimal angle is 45$^0$.