Generative Modeling of Hidden Functional Brain Networks
This work addresses the challenge of understanding hidden functional brain networks for neuroscience researchers, but it appears incremental as it builds on existing methods without claiming major breakthroughs.
The paper tackled the problem of learning latent functional brain network structure from fMRI data by introducing a Hidden Markov Random Field framework for representing, estimating, and evaluating these relationships, aiming to uncover computational principles behind observed network properties like small-worldness and modularity.
Functional connectivity refers to the temporal statistical relationship between spatially distinct brain regions and is usually inferred from the time series coherence/correlation in brain activity between regions of interest. In human functional brain networks, the network structure is often inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal. Since the BOLD signal is a proxy for neuronal activity, it is of interest to learn the latent functional network structure. Additionally, despite a core set of observations about functional networks such as small-worldness, modularity, exponentially truncated degree distributions, and presence of various types of hubs, very little is known about the computational principles which can give rise to these observations. This paper introduces a Hidden Markov Random Field framework for the purpose of representing, estimating, and evaluating latent neuronal functional relationships between different brain regions using fMRI data.