Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Battery Storage in Low Voltage Grids using Receding Horizon Control Strategies
For power system planners, this work provides a computationally feasible method to improve battery storage placement and control, though it is an incremental application of existing MPC and decomposition techniques to a specific grid planning problem.
This paper presents a methodology using Receding Horizon Control (MPC) with Benders decomposition to optimally place and size distributed battery storage in low voltage grids, showing that MPC strategies yield higher economic value than heuristic strategies by exploiting forecast information and incorporating battery degradation models.
In this paper we present a novel methodology for leveraging Receding Horizon Control (RHC), also known as Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategies for distributed battery storage in a planning problem using a Benders decomposition technique. Longer prediction horizons lead to better storage placement strategies but also higher computational complexity that can quickly become computationally prohibitive. The here proposed MPC strategy in conjunction with a Benders decomposition technique effectively reduces the computational complexity to a manageable level. We use the CIGRE low voltage (LV) benchmark grid as a case study for solving an optimal placement and sizing problem for different control strategies with different MPC prediction horizons. The objective of the MPC strategy is to maximize the photovoltaic (PV) utilization and minimize battery degradation in a local residential area, while satisfying all grid constraints. For this case study we show that the economic value of battery storage is higher when using MPC based storage control strategies than when using heuristic storage control strategies, because MPC strategies explicitly exploit the value of forecast information. The economic merit of this approach can be further increased by explicitly incorporating a battery degradation model in the MPC strategy.