Attention acts to suppress goal-based conflict under high competition
This addresses a gap in understanding attentional mechanisms in neuroscience, but it is incremental as it builds on known effects under minimal competition.
The study tackled the problem of how top-down attention operates under high competition between stimuli with opposing goals, finding that it suppresses both task-relevant and irrelevant neural signals within 100 ms to reduce feedforward signals for irrelevant stimuli.
It is known that when multiple stimuli are present, top-down attention selectively enhances the neural signal in the visual cortex for task-relevant stimuli, but this has been tested only under conditions of minimal competition of visual attention. Here we show during high competition, that is, two stimuli in a shared receptive field possessing opposing modulatory goals, top-down attention suppresses both task-relevant and irrelevant neural signals within 100 ms of stimuli onset. This non-selective engagement of top-down attentional resources serves to reduce the feedforward signal representing irrelevant stimuli.