A theory of passive linear systems with no assumptions
Provides foundational theoretical results for passivity in linear systems, removing common assumptions like controllability or observability.
The paper presents two theorems on passivity for linear systems: necessary and sufficient conditions for passivity in general high-order differential equation systems, and an extension of the positive-real lemma to uncontrollable/unobservable systems.
We present two linked theorems on passivity: the passive behavior theorem, parts 1 and 2. Part 1 provides necessary and sufficient conditions for a general linear system, described by a set of high order differential equations, to be passive. Part 2 extends the positive-real lemma to include uncontrollable and unobservable state-space systems.