Privacy Patterns
This work addresses privacy implementation in software systems for stakeholders, but it is incremental as it builds on existing concepts like Westin's states.
The paper introduces a set of privacy patterns inspired by design patterns in object-oriented software architecture, aiming to describe key ways software systems can provide privacy to stakeholders, and extends Westin's privacy states by adding a new pattern called Confidence.
Inspired by the design patterns of object-oriented software architecture, we offer an initial set of "privacy patterns". Our intent is to describe the most important ways in which software systems can offer privacy to their stakeholders. We express our privacy patterns as class diagrams in the UML (Universal Modelling Language), because this is a commonly-used language for expressing the high-level architecture of an object-oriented system. In this initial set of privacy patterns, we sketch how each of Westin's four states of privacy can be implemented in a software system. In addition to Westin's states of Solitude, Intimacy, Anonymity, and Reserve, we develop a privacy pattern for an institutionalised form of Intimacy which we call Confidence.