On the Recovery of Core and Crustal Components of Geomagnetic Potential Fields
This work provides a theoretical foundation for improving geomagnetic field separation, which is important for geophysics and planetary science.
The authors derive a mathematical framework for separating the Earth's core and crustal magnetic fields from satellite measurements, showing that unique recovery is possible if the crustal magnetization is localized in a strict subregion. They demonstrate numerical reconstruction of spherical harmonic coefficients.
In Geomagnetism it is of interest to separate the Earth's core magnetic field from the crustal magnetic field. However, measurements by satellites can only sense the sum of the two contributions. In practice, the measured magnetic field is expanded in spherical harmonics and separation into crust and core contribution is achieved empirically, by a sharp cutoff in the spectral domain. In this paper, we derive a mathematical setup in which the two contributions are modeled by harmonic potentials $Φ_0$ and $Φ_1$ generated on two different spheres $\mathbb{S}_{R_0}$ (crust) and $\mathbb{S}_{R_1}$ (core) with radii $R_1<R_0$. Although it is not possible in general to recover $Φ_0$ and $Φ_1$ knowing their superposition $Φ_0+Φ_1$ on a sphere $\mathbb{S}_{R_2}$ with radius $R_2>R_0$, we show that it becomes possible if the magnetization $\mathbf{m}$ generating $Φ_0$ is localized in a strict subregion of $\mathbb{S}_{R_0}$. Beyond unique recoverability, we show in this case how to numerically reconstruct characteristic features of $Φ_0$ (e.g., spherical harmonic Fourier coefficients). An alternative way of phrasing the results is that knowledge of $\mathbf{m}$ on a nonempty open subset of $\mathbb{S}_{R_0}$ allows one to perform separation.