Potential Integral Equations in Electromagnetics
Provides a stable and well-conditioned integral equation method for computational electromagnetics, addressing low-frequency breakdown.
Proposed a new integral equation formulation using decoupled vector and scalar potentials satisfying Lorentz gauge, achieving low-frequency stability and well-conditioned systems for electromagnetic scattering.
In this work, a new integral equation (IE) based formulation is proposed using vector and scalar potentials for electromagnetic scattering. The new integral equations feature decoupled vector and scalar potentials that satisfy Lorentz gauge. The decoupling of the two potentials allows low-frequency stability. The formulation presented also results in Fredholm integral equations of second kind. The spectral properties of second kind integral operators leads to a well-conditioned system.