Classical Homomorphic Encryption for Quantum Circuits
This addresses the problem of secure quantum computation delegation for classical clients, representing a foundational advance rather than an incremental improvement.
The paper introduces the first leveled fully homomorphic encryption scheme for quantum circuits using classical keys, enabling a classical client to securely delegate quantum computations to a server without revealing information, and demonstrates its construction from quantum-secure classical homomorphic encryption based on the learning with errors problem.
We present the first leveled fully homomorphic encryption scheme for quantum circuits with classical keys. The scheme allows a classical client to blindly delegate a quantum computation to a quantum server: an honest server is able to run the computation while a malicious server is unable to learn any information about the computation. We show that it is possible to construct such a scheme directly from a quantum secure classical homomorphic encryption scheme with certain properties. Finally, we show that a classical homomorphic encryption scheme with the required properties can be constructed from the learning with errors problem.