Hohmann Transfer via Constrained Optimization
This work provides a rigorous mathematical re-derivation of a classic result in orbital mechanics, but is incremental as it confirms known optimality without new practical insights.
The paper re-derives the global optimality of the Hohmann transfer between coplanar circular orbits using constrained optimization and calculus of variations, confirming it as the global minimum among feasible solutions.
In the first part of this paper, inspired by the geometric method of Jean-Pierre Marec, we consider the two-impulse Hohmann transfer problem between two coplanar circular orbits as a constrained nonlinear programming problem. By using the Kuhn-Tucker theorem, we analytically prove the global optimality of the Hohmann transfer. Two sets of feasible solutions are found, one of which corresponding to the Hohmann transfer is the global minimum, and the other is a local minimum. In the second part, we formulate the Hohmann transfer problem as two-point and multi-point boundary-value problems by using the calculus of variations. With the help of the Matlab solver bvp4c, two numerical examples are solved successfully, which verifies that the Hohmann transfer is indeed the solution of these boundary-value problems. Via static and dynamic constrained optimization, the solution to the orbit transfer problem proposed by W. Hohmann ninety-two years ago and its global optimality are re-discovered.