Ranking Data with Continuous Labels through Oriented Recursive Partitions
This work addresses the problem of ranking with continuous labels for machine learning applications, offering a novel method but with incremental theoretical extensions.
The paper tackles the problem of continuous ranking, where the goal is to order observations based on a scoring function that aligns with continuous labels, generalizing bi/multi-partite ranking. It provides theoretical guarantees for empirical Kendall τ maximization and proposes a recursive algorithm that shows strong performance in preliminary experiments.
We formulate a supervised learning problem, referred to as continuous ranking, where a continuous real-valued label Y is assigned to an observable r.v. X taking its values in a feature space $\mathcal{X}$ and the goal is to order all possible observations x in $\mathcal{X}$ by means of a scoring function $s:\mathcal{X}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ so that s(X) and Y tend to increase or decrease together with highest probability. This problem generalizes bi/multi-partite ranking to a certain extent and the task of finding optimal scoring functions s(x) can be naturally cast as optimization of a dedicated functional criterion, called the IROC curve here, or as maximization of the Kendall $τ$ related to the pair (s(X), Y ). From the theoretical side, we describe the optimal elements of this problem and provide statistical guarantees for empirical Kendall $τ$ maximization under appropriate conditions for the class of scoring function candidates. We also propose a recursive statistical learning algorithm tailored to empirical IROC curve optimization and producing a piecewise constant scoring function that is fully described by an oriented binary tree. Preliminary numerical experiments highlight the difference in nature between regression and continuous ranking and provide strong empirical evidence of the performance of empirical optimizers of the criteria proposed.