Reversible Image Watermarking for Health Informatics Systems Using Distortion Compensation in Wavelet Domain
This work addresses the need for efficient and low-distortion reversible watermarking in health informatics systems, representing an incremental improvement over existing methods.
The paper tackled the problem of increasing embedding capacity and reducing distortion in reversible image watermarking for medical images, achieving a maximum capacity of 1.5 BPP and demonstrating superiority over state-of-the-art methods in terms of capacity and distortion.
Reversible image watermarking guaranties restoration of both original cover and watermark logo from the watermarked image. Capacity and distortion of the image under reversible watermarking are two important parameters. In this study a reversible watermarking is investigated with focusing on increasing the embedding capacity and reducing the distortion in medical images. Integer wavelet transform is used for embedding where in each iteration, one watermark bit is embedded in one transform coefficient. We devise a novel approach that when a coefficient is modified in an iteration, the produced distortion is compensated in the next iteration. This distortion compensation method would result in low distortion rate. The proposed method is tested on four types of medical images including MRI of brain, cardiac MRI, MRI of breast, and intestinal polyp images. Using a one-level wavelet transform, maximum capacity of 1.5 BPP is obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art works in terms of capacity and distortion.