CardKit: A Card-Based Programming Framework for Drones
This work addresses the challenge for drone operators in industries like inspection and delivery by providing a more accessible programming model, though it is incremental as it builds on existing visual programming metaphors.
The paper tackles the problem of simplifying advanced drone automation by introducing CardKit, a card-based programming framework that allows operators to orchestrate complex behaviors without requiring skilled software engineering. Results from a user study indicate that the framework enables a wide range of scenarios with moderate mental effort and learning, while being intuitive and engaging.
Drones are being used in many industries for a variety of applications, including inspecting bridges, surveying farm land, and delivering cargo. Automating these kinds of scenarios requires more than following a sequence of GPS waypoints; they require integrating on-device hardware with real-time analysis to provide feedback and control to the drone. Currently, implementing these kinds of advanced scenarios is a complex task, requiring skilled software engineers programming with drone APIs. We envision an alternate model to enable drone operators to orchestrate advanced behaviors using a card-based approach. We describe the design of our card-based programming model, position it relative to other visual programming metaphors, share results from our paper prototype user study, and discuss our learnings from its implementation. Results suggest that a wide range of scenarios can be implemented with moderate mental effort and learning, balanced by intuitiveness and engagement.