ARCHANGEL: Tamper-proofing Video Archives using Temporal Content Hashes on the Blockchain
This addresses the need for tamper-proof video archives for national governments and cultural institutions, representing a novel application rather than an incremental improvement in general ML.
The paper tackles the problem of ensuring long-term integrity of digital video archives by introducing ARCHANGEL, a system that uses temporal content hashes and blockchain technology to detect tampering while allowing codec changes, with a trial deployment involving national archives of the UK, Estonia, and Norway.
We present ARCHANGEL; a novel distributed ledger based system for assuring the long-term integrity of digital video archives. First, we describe a novel deep network architecture for computing compact temporal content hashes (TCHs) from audio-visual streams with durations of minutes or hours. Our TCHs are sensitive to accidental or malicious content modification (tampering) but invariant to the codec used to encode the video. This is necessary due to the curatorial requirement for archives to format shift video over time to ensure future accessibility. Second, we describe how the TCHs (and the models used to derive them) are secured via a proof-of-authority blockchain distributed across multiple independent archives. We report on the efficacy of ARCHANGEL within the context of a trial deployment in which the national government archives of the United Kingdom, Estonia and Norway participated.