Mobility restores the mechanism which supports cooperation in the voluntary prisoner's dilemma game
This resolves a key artifact in evolutionary game theory for modeling social dilemmas, though it is incremental as it builds on existing frameworks.
The study addressed the breakdown of cooperation in the voluntary prisoner's dilemma game under rational decision-making by introducing agent mobility on a diluted graph, which automatically restored cooperation mechanisms without relying on specific microscopic rules.
It is generally believed that in a situation where individual and collective interests are in conflict, the availability of optional participation is a key mechanism to maintain cooperation. Surprisingly, this effect is sensitive to the use of microscopic dynamics and can easily be broken when agents make a fully rational decision during their strategy updates. In the framework of the celebrated prisoner's dilemma game, we show that this discrepancy can be fixed automatically if we leave the strict and frequently artifact condition of a fully occupied interaction graph, and allow agents to change not just their strategies but also their positions according to their success. In this way, a diluted graph where agents may move offers a natural and alternative way to handle artifacts arising from the application of specific and sometimes awkward microscopic rules.