Creating Auxiliary Representations from Charge Definitions for Criminal Charge Prediction
This work addresses the problem of intra-class variation in legal text for legal assistant systems, representing an incremental advancement in domain-specific methods.
The paper tackles the challenge of criminal charge prediction from textual fact descriptions by using charge definitions to create auxiliary representations, achieving significant improvements over baselines, particularly for classes with few samples.
Charge prediction, determining charges for criminal cases by analyzing the textual fact descriptions, is a promising technology in legal assistant systems. In practice, the fact descriptions could exhibit a significant intra-class variation due to factors like non-normative use of language, which makes the prediction task very challenging, especially for charge classes with too few samples to cover the expression variation. In this work, we explore to use the charge definitions from criminal law to alleviate this issue. The key idea is that the expressions in a fact description should have corresponding formal terms in charge definitions, and those terms are shared across classes and could account for the diversity in the fact descriptions. Thus, we propose to create auxiliary fact representations from charge definitions to augment fact descriptions representation. The generated auxiliary representations are created through the interaction of fact description with the relevant charge definitions and terms in those definitions by integrated sentence- and word-level attention scheme. Experimental results on two datasets show that our model achieves significant improvement than baselines, especially for classes with few samples.