Energy Autonomous Wearable Sensors for Smart Healthcare: A Review
It addresses the need for reliable, continuous health monitoring to reduce risks and improve disease prevention, but is incremental as it reviews existing research without introducing new methods.
This review paper examines recent developments in energy autonomous wearable sensors for smart healthcare, focusing on wearable sensors, energy storage, and energy harvesting modules to enable continuous monitoring and early health risk detection.
Energy Autonomous Wearable Sensors (EAWS) have attracted a large interest due to their potential to provide reliable measurements and continuous bioelectric signals, which help to reduce health risk factors early on, ongoing assessment for disease prevention, and maintaining optimum, lifelong health quality. This review paper presents recent developments and state-of-the-art research related to three critical elements that enable an EAWS. The first element is wearable sensors, which monitor human body physiological signals and activities. Emphasis is given on explaining different types of transduction mechanisms presented, and emerging materials and fabrication techniques. The second element is the flexible and wearable energy storage device to drive low-power electronics and the software needed for automatic detection of unstable physiological parameters. The third is the flexible and stretchable energy harvesting module to recharge batteries for continuous operation of wearable sensors. We conclude by discussing some of the technical challenges in realizing energy-autonomous wearable sensing technologies and possible solutions for overcoming them.