Certified and fast computations with shallow covariance kernels
This work addresses a bottleneck in data science and uncertainty quantification for researchers dealing with parameterized Gaussian random fields, though it is incremental as it extends existing adaptive cross approximation methods.
The paper tackles the inefficiency of classical discretization techniques for parameterized Gaussian random fields by introducing a certified low-rank approximation algorithm for covariance operators, demonstrating faster computational times in numerical tests with isotropic kernels like Matérn kernels.
Many techniques for data science and uncertainty quantification demand efficient tools to handle Gaussian random fields, which are defined in terms of their mean functions and covariance operators. Recently, parameterized Gaussian random fields have gained increased attention, due to their higher degree of flexibility. However, especially if the random field is parameterized through its covariance operator, classical random field discretization techniques fail or become inefficient. In this work we introduce and analyze a new and certified algorithm for the low-rank approximation of a parameterized family of covariance operators which represents an extension of the adaptive cross approximation method for symmetric positive definite matrices. The algorithm relies on an affine linear expansion of the covariance operator with respect to the parameters, which needs to be computed in a preprocessing step using, e.g., the empirical interpolation method. We discuss and test our new approach for isotropic covariance kernels, such as Matérn kernels. The numerical results demonstrate the advantages of our approach in terms of computational time and confirm that the proposed algorithm provides the basis of a fast sampling procedure for parameter dependent Gaussian random fields.