Visualising the Evolution of English Covid-19 Cases with Topological Data Analysis Ball Mapper
This provides a novel visualization method for epidemiologists to analyze disease dynamics, though it is incremental in applying an existing algorithm to new data.
The paper tackled the problem of understanding Covid-19 spread in England by visualizing multi-dimensional socio-economic data using the Topological Data Analysis Ball Mapper algorithm, revealing that some areas reached high infection levels quickly while nearby areas did not.
Understanding disease spread through data visualisation has concentrated on trends and maps. Whilst these are helpful, they neglect important multi-dimensional interactions between characteristics of communities. Using the Topological Data Analysis Ball Mapper algorithm we construct an abstract representation of NUTS3 level economic data, overlaying onto it the confirmed cases of Covid-19 in England. In so doing we may understand how the disease spreads on different socio-economical dimensions. It is observed that some areas of the characteristic space have quickly raced to the highest levels of infection, while others close by in the characteristic space, do not show large infection growth. Likewise, we see patterns emerging in very different areas that command more monitoring. A strong contribution for Topological Data Analysis, and the Ball Mapper algorithm especially, in comprehending dynamic epidemic data is signposted.