Trollthrottle -- Raising the Cost of Astroturfing
This addresses the issue of fake online discourse for internet users and platforms, though it is an incremental approach to raising costs rather than eliminating astroturfing.
The paper tackles the problem of astroturfing by proposing Trollthrottle, a protocol that limits the number of comments per person across websites using direct anonymous attestation and a public ledger, and demonstrates its deployability with evaluations showing costs for scenarios like Reddit (4.9M comments per day).
Astroturfing, i.e., the fabrication of public discourse by private or state-controlled sponsors via the creation of fake online accounts, has become incredibly widespread in recent years. It gives a disproportionally strong voice to wealthy and technology-savvy actors, permits targeted attacks on public forums and could in the long run harm the trust users have in the internet as a communication platform. Countering these efforts without deanonymising the participants has not yet proven effective; however, we can raise the cost of astroturfing. Following the principle `one person, one voice', we introduce Trollthrottle, a protocol that limits the number of comments a single person can post on participating websites. Using direct anonymous attestation and a public ledger, the user is free to choose any nickname, but the number of comments is aggregated over all posts on all websites, no matter which nickname was used. We demonstrate the deployability of Trollthrottle by retrofitting it to the popular news aggregator website Reddit and by evaluating the cost of deployment for the scenario of a national newspaper (168k comments per day), an international newspaper (268k c/d) and Reddit itself (4.9M c/d).