Blockchain BFT Protocol for Complete Asynchronous Networks
This addresses a critical limitation for Ethereum 2.0's scalability and security in asynchronous environments, representing a significant but incremental advance over prior protocols.
The paper tackles the problem of achieving liveness in CBC Casper blockchain consensus protocols for Ethereum 2.0 in asynchronous networks, and presents the first probabilistic protocol that achieves liveness against up to (n-1)/3 Byzantine participants.
Ethereum Research team has proposed a family of Casper blockchain consensus protocols for Ethereum 2.0. It has been shown in the literature that Casper Friendly Finality Gadget (Casper FFG) for Ethereum 2.0's beacon network cannot achieve liveness property in partially synchronous networks such as the Internet environment. The "Correct-by-Construction" family of Casper blockchain consensus protocols (CBC Casper) has been proposed as a finality gadget for the future release of Ethereum 2.0 blockchain. Unfortunately, neither constructive finality rule nor satisfactory liveness property has been obtained for CBC Casper, and it is commonly believed that CBC Casper could not achieve liveness property in asynchronous networks. This paper provides the first probabilistic CBC Casper protocol that achieves liveness property against (n-1)/3 Byzantine participants in complete asynchronous networks.