Application of Data Science to Discover Violence-Related Issues in Iraq
This work addresses the challenge of predicting social issues in data-scarce regions like Iraq, though it is incremental as it applies existing classification methods to a new dataset.
The paper tackled the problem of discovering violence-related social issues in Iraq despite a lack of governmental open data by applying data science to non-governmental big data from GDELT, achieving an accuracy of 0.7629 for detecting refugee crises and artillery fights using Decision Trees.
Data science has been satisfactorily used to discover social issues in several parts of the world. However, there is a lack of governmental open data to discover those issues in countries such as Iraq. This situation arises the following questions: how to apply data science principles to discover social issues despite the lack of open data in Iraq? How to use the available data to make predictions in places without data? Our contribution is the application of data science to open non-governmental big data from the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT) to discover particular violence-related social issues in Iraq. Specifically we applied the K-Nearest Neighbors, Näive Bayes, Decision Trees, and Logistic Regression classification algorithms to discover the following issues: refugees, humanitarian aid, violent protests, fights with artillery and tanks, and mass killings. The best results were obtained with the Decision Trees algorithm to discover areas with refugee crises and artillery fights. The accuracy for these two events is 0.7629. The precision to discover the locations of refugee crises is 0.76, the recall is 0.76, and the F1-score is 0.76. Also, our approach discovers the locations of artillery fights with a precision of 0.74, a recall of 0.75, and a F1-score of 0.75.