Acoustic effects of medical, cloth, and transparent face masks on speech signals
This addresses communication challenges for people with hearing loss when masks are worn, but it is incremental as it builds on existing acoustic research.
The study measured how medical, cloth, and transparent face masks reduce speech clarity, finding that all masks weaken frequencies above 1 kHz, with transparent masks performing worst and cloth masks varying widely, but most masks have minimal impact on lapel microphones.
Face masks muffle speech and make communication more difficult, especially for people with hearing loss. This study examines the acoustic attenuation caused by different face masks, including medical, cloth, and transparent masks, using a head-shaped loudspeaker and a live human talker. The results suggest that all masks attenuate frequencies above 1 kHz, that attenuation is greatest in front of the talker, and that there is substantial variation between mask types, especially cloth masks with different materials and weaves. Transparent masks have poor acoustic performance compared to both medical and cloth masks. Most masks have little effect on lapel microphones, suggesting that existing sound reinforcement and assistive listening systems may be effective for verbal communication with masks.